This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Functional Groups in Organic Compounds.

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Presentation transcript:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Functional Groups in Organic Compounds (workshop) University of Lincoln presentation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS contain only C and H atoms ALIPHATIC hydrocarbons SATURATED hydrocarbons contain C–C and C–H single bonds only (ALKANES) UNSATURATED hydrocarbons contain at least 1 C–C multiple bond ALKENE contains the C=C functional group ALKYNE contains the C ≡ C functional group AROMATIC Hydrocarbons must contain a BENZENE ring

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Functional groupExampleEndings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al KetoneR≠H Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid EsterR = alkyl Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide HalogenoalkaneX = F, Cl, Br, I Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitro Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Functional groupExampleEndings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al KetoneR≠H Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid EsterR = alkyl Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide HalogenoalkaneX = F, Cl, Br, I Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitro Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol PRIMARY (1 y ) ALCOHOL R–CH 2 OH SECONDARY (2 y ) ALCOHOL R 2 –CHOH TERTIARY (3 y ) ALCOHOL R 3 –COH Where R– is any alkyl group

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Functional groupExampleEndings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al KetoneR≠H Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid EsterR = alkyl Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide HalogenoalkaneX = F, Cl, Br, I Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitro Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol An acid is a proton (H+) donor

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Name of functional group Functional groupExampleEndings on names Alcohol Ethanol -ol Aldehyde Ethanal (acetaldehyde) -al KetoneR≠H Propanone (acetone) -one Carboxylic acid Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) -oic acid EsterR = alkyl Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate) -oate Ether Diethyl ether Ether Amine Ethylamine -amine Amide Ethanamide (Acetamide) -amide HalogenoalkaneX = F, Cl, Br, I Bromoethane Halo- Acid chloride Ethanoyl chloride -oyl chloride Nitrile Ethanenitrile -nitrile Nitro Nitromethane Nitro- Thiol Ethanethiol -thiol PRIMARY (1y) AMINE R–NH2 SECONDARY (2y) AMINE R2–NH TERTIARY (3y) AMINE R3–N Where R– is any alkyl group

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Remember! GROUP 14 C arbon needs FOUR bonds 15 N itrogen needs THREE bonds 16 O xygen needs TWO bonds 17 F luorine needs ONE bond

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Remember! By convention… OH = = =

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License RECOGNISING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Smelling of roses…

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License 1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License 1 y ALCOHOL (–CH 2 OH) ALKENE (–C=C–)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Flower Scent – Freesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Ketone (R–COR’)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Conjugated diene (–C=C–C=C–) Ketone (R–COR’)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Pheromones – Honey bee Pheromones are chemicals that carry messages

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License

KETONE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Alkene Ketone

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Carboxylic Acid (RCOOH) Alkene Ketone

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES AMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES 1 y AMINE (RNH 2 ) AMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES AROMATIC RING (Benzene) 1 y AMINE (RNH 2 ) AMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES METHYLAMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES 1H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) 1H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMPHETAMINES AROMATIC RING (Benzene) 2 y AMINE (RR’NH) 1H has been replaced with a –CH 3 (methyl) METHYLAMPHETAMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License ASPIRIN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH) ASPIRIN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License ESTER (RCOOR’) ASPIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AROMATIC RING (Benzene) ASPIRIN ESTER (RCOOR’) CARBOXYLIC ACID (RCOOH)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Bullet-proof vests and spider silk

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License KEVLAR (a polyamide)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AMIDE KEVLAR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License AROMATIC RINGS KEVLAR AMIDE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Cat Nap (Octadec-9-eneamide)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Cat Nap (Octadec-9-eneamide) ALKENE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Cat Nap (Octadec-9-eneamide) ALKENE AMIDE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CANNABIS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CANNABIS AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP ALKENE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CANNABIS CYCLIC ETHER AROMATIC RING (Benzene) AROMATIC ALCOHOL – A PHENOLIC GROUP ALKENE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD DIETHYLAMIDE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD 3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE 2 Y AMINE

3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE 2 Y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD ALKENES

3 Y AMINE DIETHYLAMIDE 2 Y AMINE ALKENES This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License LSD CONJUGATED DIENE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Identify FOUR functional groups in cocaine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License COCAINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License COCAINE 2 ESTERS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License COCAINE 2 y AMINE

2 ESTERS 2 y AMINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License COCAINE AROMATIC

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Opium Morphine Codeine Thebaine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License OPIUM MORPHINE CODEINE THEBAINE HEROIN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Identify the functional groups in morphine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE ALCOHOL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE PHENOL ALCOHOL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE CYCLIC ETHER PHENOL ALCOHOL

CYCLIC ETHER PHENOL ALCOHOL This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE AROMATIC

CYCLIC ETHER PHENOL ALCOHOL AROMATIC This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE 3 Y AMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MORPHINE ALKENE CYCLIC ETHER PHENOL ALCOHOL AROMATIC 3 Y AMINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License What’s the difference between morphine and codeine?

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CODEINE MORPHINE

CODEINE MORPHINE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License PHENOL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CODEINE MORPHINE PHENOL ETHER

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CODEINE THEBAINE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License CODEINE THEBAINE ALCOHOL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License ETHER CODEINE THEBAINE ALCOHOL

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License HEROIN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License HEROIN 2 ESTERS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Identify the functional groups in the ‘magic mushroom’ alkaloids

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License MAGIC MUSHROOMS

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License Acknowledgements JISC HEA Centre for Educational Research and Development School of natural and applied sciences School of Journalism SirenFM