University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology “Petroleum Systems” From reductionist approach previously to holist here

“Petroleum Systems” “Plate Tectonics” “Seqeunce Stratigraphy” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology “Petroleum Systems” “Plate Tectonics” “Seqeunce Stratigraphy” “Integrative Petroleumology”

“Petroleum Systems” “Plate Tectonics” “Seqeunce Stratigraphy” University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology “Petroleum Systems” “Plate Tectonics” “Seqeunce Stratigraphy” “Integrative Petroleumology”

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” Wallace E. Pratt, Chief Geologist, Humble Oil Company; later Vice-President of Standard Oil Wallace E. Pratt

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” Wallace E. Pratt, Chief Geologist, Humble Oil Company; later Vice-President of Standard Oil Wallace E. Pratt

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” Wallace E. Pratt, Chief Geologist, Humble Oil Company; later Vice-President of Standard Oil Wallace E. Pratt

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” Wallace E. Pratt, Chief Geologist, Humble Oil Company Frequently cited by Michel T. Halbouty, past AAPG president and winner of AGI’s Legendary Geoscientist Award Wallace E. Pratt Michel T. Halbouty

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” UGA B.S. and M.S. Grads Michelle Anderson and Shawn Hall.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS insp University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” “Oil is found in the minds of men” or, more fully, “Where oil is first found is, in the final analysis, in the minds of men.” Wallace E. Pratt, Chief Geologist, Humble Oil Company Less poetically, Humans find petroleum most efficiently with a good model of how petroleum accumulations form.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS defns University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984 The elements of a petroleum system consist of source rock, migration path, reservoir rock, seal, and trap, and those elements "must be placed in time and space such that a petroleum deposit can occur.” Magoon 1987 “All of the factors which affect the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation constitute elements of a total system which may be described as a machine.” Meissner et al. 1984 Bibliography is on next page.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS defns University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984 The elements of a petroleum system consist of source rock, migration path, reservoir rock, seal, and trap, and those elements "must be placed in time and space such that a petroleum deposit can occur.” Magoon 1987 “All of the factors which affect the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation constitute elements of a total system which may be described as a machine.” Meissner et al. 1984 Bibliography is on next page.

The integration in time and PS5 University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Imagine a monocline. Imagine cementation of the PP beds. Imagine slow deposition of overburden, or none at all. A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration pathway(s), reservoir(s), trap(s), and seal(s).

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS defns University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984 The elements of a petroleum system consist of source rock, migration path, reservoir rock, seal, and trap, and those elements "must be placed in time and space such that a petroleum deposit can occur.” Magoon 1987 “All of the factors which affect the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation constitute elements of a total system which may be described as a machine.” Meissner et al. 1984 Bibliography is on next page.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS defns University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984 The elements of a petroleum system consist of source rock, migration path, reservoir rock, seal, and trap, and those elements "must be placed in time and space such that a petroleum deposit can occur.” Magoon 1987 “All of the factors which affect the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation constitute elements of a total system which may be described as a machine.” Meissner et al. 1984 Bibliography is on next page.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS defns University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984 The elements of a petroleum system consist of source rock, migration path, reservoir rock, seal, and trap, and those elements "must be placed in time and space such that a petroleum deposit can occur.” Magoon 1987 “All of the factors which affect the processes of hydrocarbon generation, migration, and accumulation constitute elements of a total system which may be described as a machine.” Meissner et al. 1984 Bibliography is on next page.

PS refs University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Perrodon, A., and P. Masse, 1984, Subsidence, sedimentation and petroleum systems: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 7, n. 1, p. 5-26. Magoon, L. B., 1987, The petroleum system—a classification scheme for research, resource assessment, and exploration (abs.): AAPG Bulletin, v. 71, n. 5, p. 587. Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The petroleum system, in Magoon, L. B, and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system—from source to trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 3-24. Meissner, F. F., J. Woodward, and J. L. Clayton, 1984, Stratigraphic relationships and distribution of source rocks in the greater Rocky Mountain region, in J. Woodward, F. F. Meissner, and J. L. Clayton, eds., Hydrocarbon source rocks of the greater Rocky Mountain region: Denver, CO, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 1-34.

The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” PS University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology The “Petroleum System” and/or the “Hydrocarbon Machine” 1. Deposition of organic-rich sediment 2. Burial of same to temperature for generation of petroleum 3. Availability at Time 2 of migration pathway for petroleum 4. Availability of reservoir, seal, and trap at or after Time 2.

A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of PS University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap, and seal. LBR “. . . a petroleum province can be considered as the final result of an organized set of geologic events (in space and in time) that can be called a petroleum system. In such a system, the sequence of subsidence movements and associated flows is just as decisive as lithologic and geometric factors in the formation of a group of pools.” Perrodon & Masse 1984

The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, Gussow University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology A petroleum system: The integration in time and space of source, migration, reservoir, trap(s), and seal. Gussow, W. C., 1954, Differential entrapment of oil and gas; a funda- mental principle; American Associ- ation of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 39, p. 547-574, as re- prised in the Oil and Gas Journal.

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Critical moment: The critical moment is that point in time selected by the investigator that best depicts the generation-migration-accumulation of most hydrocarbons in a petroleum system. A map or cross section drawn at the critical moment best shows the geographic and stratigraphic extent of the system. Magoon, L.B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The petroleum system, in Magoon, L. B, and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 3-24.

The critical moment is the time of source-rock maturation University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Critical moment: The critical moment is that point in time selected by the investigator that best depicts the generation-migration-accumulation of most hydrocarbons in a petroleum system. A map or cross section drawn at the critical moment best shows the geographic and stratigraphic extent of the system. Magoon, L.B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The petroleum system, in Magoon, L. B, and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 3-24. The critical moment is the time of source-rock maturation and of migration of petroleum into its primary trap. LBR

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Mag & Dow Ex

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology PGSG PS

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Arthur & Schlanger

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

Selley p. 207 (uniform geothermal gradient) G&S page 75 & 77 University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Selley p. 207 (uniform geothermal gradient) G&S page 75 & 77 Selley 1998

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004

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University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Thermal Cond

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Thermal Cond

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PGSG PS con

PS ex University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Reef & talus present vs. not present updip from source rocks; res & migrn path present or not (could be opposite side of mirror-image basin) one side with no subsidence and thus no maturation one side with no source rock. Thrusting moves reservoir over younger source rock in foot wall; potential source in hanging wall never matures. Simple source-migrn-res-seal system deposited but leaks updip to seap; fault and/or salt dome (that forms downdip from growth fault) provide traps. Deposition of source over half of sloping deposurface; folding, erosion, and deposition make unconformity trap, but only one side has source beneath. In sequential normal fault block system where source rock covered only half of basin, some blocks have no source rock, and some blocks have no fault seal. Non-vertical strike-slip fault moves anticlinal traps past lacustrine source rocks - earliest gets no charge, later oil, and even later gas. Meandering channel sand is in stratum that is tilted and then faulted; fault provides migration path to meanders updip from fault but not down.

University of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum Geology Sources refs North 1980 Asquith and Krygowski 2004 Rigzone Assaad 2008 Schlumberger Log Interpretation P&I AAPG Basic Well Log Analysis course notes Schlumberger Oilfielld Glossary Baker-Hughes Atlas of Log Responses Selley 1978, Porosity gradients in North Sea oil-bearing sandstones: Jo. Geol. Soc. London v. 135, 119-132. Bjørlykke 2010 Conaway 1999 Selley 1998 Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook Glover’s Petrophysique Shell Petroleum Handbook (1983) Gluyas & Swarbrick 2004 Shepherd 2009 Jonathan B. Martin UF class notes Tissot & Welte (1984) Wikipedia

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