CARBON CHEMISTRY “ Organic Chemistry” ( organic = carbon compounds ( inorganic = non- carbon compounds ) 1. What is Carbon Chemistry? a. The study of compounds.

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Presentation transcript:

CARBON CHEMISTRY “ Organic Chemistry” ( organic = carbon compounds ( inorganic = non- carbon compounds ) 1. What is Carbon Chemistry? a. The study of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen b. Carbon compounds may be living or non- living

CARBON CHEMISTRY c. In 1928 – Chemists discovered carbon compounds could be made in the lab and don’t just have to be in living things. Ex. Urea – ( NH2)2CO

Friedrich Wohler

CARBON CHEMISTRY c. Carbon Molecules include: 1. Alcohols – synthetic / natural 2. Plastics – synthetic 3. Oils - natural 4. Perfumes – natural / synthetic 5. Flavorings – natural / synthetic 6. Foods – natural 7. Medications – natural / synthetic 8. Pesticides – natural / synthetic

CARBON CHEMISTRY d. A hydrocarbon is a molecule that only contains hydrogen and carbon.

CARBON CHEMISTRY 2. What Makes Carbon Unique? a. 4th most abundant element in the universe b. Carbon is in all living things c. Carbon can make over 10 million compounds because of its 4 valence electrons d. Carbon bonds are very strong

CARBON CHEMISTRY 3. What are saturated vs. unsaturated compounds? a. Saturated = carbon molecule saturated with hydrogen atoms b. Unsaturated = carbon molecule with double bonds that can be broken down.

CARBON CHEMISTRY 4. What are Functional Groups? a. a compound that replaces a hydrogen in a hydrocarbon. ** See list below.

CARBON CHEMISTRY 5. What do carbon compounds look like? a. Straight b. Branched chain c. Ring

CARBON CHEMISTRY 6. What are Isomers? a. Carbon compounds with the same formula but different shape.

CARBON CHEMISTRY 7. What are Polymers? a. Carbon compounds that repeat over and over. b. Examples of Polymers: 1. DNA – longest molecule in existance 2. PLASTICS 3. PROTEIN 4. CELLULOSE – plant cell wall 5. SILLY PUDDY 6. STARCH ( CHAIN OF SUGAR )

POLYMER “ LONG – REPEATING CHAIN”

CARBON CHEMISTRY 8. What is Biochemistry? a. The study of compounds in living things. b. Sustaining Life requires 3 Components: 1. Energy – Lipids ( fat) Carbohydrates 2. Material – Protein ( Amino Acids) 3. Information Code – Nucleic Acids ( DNA, RNA )

“The Energy” – Carbs & Fat

CARBOHYDRATE

More Carbohydrates

Lipids “fats”

“The Material” – Protein

“The Information”– Nucleic Acid DNA

Image of Protien

CARBON CHEMISTY 9. P.S. - HONC if you love Chemistry a. The 4 main elements that make up all living things are: 1. Hydrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Nitrogen 4. Carbon b. Two other elements are common 1. Phosphorus ( protein ) 2. Sulfur ( protein )

CARBON MOLECULES Carbon Chemistry – Study of molecules made of carbon. Hydrocarbon – compound made of carbon and hydrogen Alcohol molecule – Hydrocarbon molecule used for fuel HONC – Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon