Organic Review

organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon hydrocarbon

Which type of hydrocarbons are saturated Single bonded hydrocarbons

Which types of hydrocarbons are unsaturated Double or triple bonded carbons

Which are more reactive chemically, saturated hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

What is the standard formula of a alkane CnH2n+2

What is the standard formula of a alkene CnH2n

What is the standard formula of a alkyne CnH2n-2

What is the ending for a double bonded hydrocarbon? ene

What is the ending for a single bonded hydrocarbon? ane

What is the ending for a triple bonded hydrocarbon? yne

What is the ending for a carboxylic acid? Anoic acid

What is the ending for a ketone

What is the ending for an aldehyde?

What is the ending for a ether oxy

What is the ending for an ester anoate

What is the ending for an alcohol

What is the beginning for a 7 carbon chain? hept

What is the beginning for a 9 carbon chain? non

What is the beginning for a 3 carbon chain? prop

What is the beginning for a 4 carbon chain? but

What is the beginning for a 5 carbon chain? pent

What is the beginning for a 2 carbon chain? eth

What is the beginning for a 6 carbon chain? hex

What is the beginning for a 1 carbon chain? meth

What is the beginning for a 8 carbon chain? oct

What is the ending for a carboxylic acid? Anoic acid

What is the ending for a alcohol?

What type of reaction will unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo that saturated hydrocarbons will not? Addition reactions

Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction . Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction + Cl2 

.What type of chemical reaction do all hydrocarbons undergo combustion

Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethane

Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction + 2 Br2 

The longer the carbon chain the higher the melting and boiling points. How does the length of the carbon chain effect the melting points and boiling points of hydrocarbons? The longer the carbon chain the higher the melting and boiling points.

Which of the following would you expect to have the highest boiling point? (1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (2) CH4 (3) CH3CH3 (1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Are hydrocarbons soluble in water? Why or why not? They are not soluble in water as they are non-polar.

What are isomers? Isomers have the same molecular formula but different molecular structure. The double or triple bond will be in a different location

Which of the following pairs represents pairs of isomers?

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - propane

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - ethyne

Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -

Name the following - 3 - nonyne

Name the following - ethene

Name the following - 2 butyne

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - butane

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 1 – hexene

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 2 – pentyne

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - ethyne

Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 4- nonene

Why is no number used in the names “ethene” and “propene”? There is only one place you can put the double bond for both molecules.

Why is the name 3 - pentyne incorrect? It would be 2 pentyne as you always have to name using the smallest hydrocarbon chain.

Describe and explain the relationship between the sizes of hydrocarbon molecules and their boiling points. The longer the hydrocarbon molecule the higher the melting and boiling point.

fractional distillation is a method used to separate the components of petroleum It involves the process of distillation, making use of the differences in boiling points of the different hydrocarbons. fractional distillation

To make fuels better for internal combustion engines straight chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter branched chain hydrocarbons process of cracking

a particular combination of atoms that contributes to the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance functional group

What type of functional group does an alcohol contain OH (hydroxyl) group

Give the physical properties of alcohols polar higher melting and boiling points the alkanes of similar chain length longer the carbon chain is the higher the boiling point will be

Write the equation for the complete combustion of methanol. 2CH3OH + 3O2 ===> 2CO2 + 4H2O

Name the - CH3CH2OH ethanol

Name - CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 2 - butenol

Name - CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH) CH2 CH2CH3 4 - heptanol

Draw the structural formula for - 1 – propanol

Draw the structural formula for - ethanol

Draw the structural formula for –, 1 - hexanol

What type of functional group does an ether contain? R – O - R

. Explain why methanol has a higher melting point than methane. It contains an hydroxyl so is polar and forms hydrogen bonds and will therefore take more energy to split the bonds thus causing an higher melting point.

Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point. 1 – pentanol, decane, 1 – decanol, pentane Pentane, 1-pentanol,decane, decanol

Consider the following two compounds: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. Which is an ether and which is an alcohol CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether

Which will evaporate at the lower temperature CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol Which has the higher solubility in a polar solvent - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol

What type of functional group does a carboxylic acid have? COOH

What type of chemical reaction is common for carboxylic acids Esterfication and neutralization reactions.

What is the functional group for an ester?

What are the products and the reactants in an esterification reaction? Alcohols + Carboxylic acid -- ester

. What is the most distinctive property of esters? The have a very strong odor.

What are esters commonly used for? Cleaning solutions

What is a hydrolysis reaction? Using water to break down a compounds into smaller parts.

What is the functional group for ketones

What is the functional group for aldehydes

Draw the structure of butanal.

Draw the structure for 2-pentanone.

synthetic (man made) polymer What is a plastic? synthetic (man made) polymer

What are large molecules that are formed by linking many small molecules together called: polymer

A molecule that is able to bond in long chains. monomer

What is the difference between an addition polymer and a condensation polymer? Give an example of each addition polymers the monomers will contain one or more multiple bonds that can undergo addition reactions. condensation reaction water is a product