2010 IOR/EOR Global Market Overview; The Economic Potential of Existing Unconventional Resources and Marginal Fields © Infield Systems Ltd Kader Dicko – Senior Analyst

Infield Systems – © Infield Systems Ltd © Infield Systems Ltd Established over 20 years ago – specialist firm in the offshore energy sector (data and market Analysis) Please visit us at OTC – Booth 8851 (Free Maps)

Contents  Global Macro Overview  IOR/EOR Global Overview - “Extending the project lifetime of mature fields”  Conclusions 3 © Infield Systems Ltd. 2012

4 Global Macro Overview © Infield Systems Ltd. 2012

5 Despite Slowdown, Emerging Economies Will Continue to Drive Demand Source: IEA China and India are leading the pack (~50% of the global growth)

6 © Infield Systems Ltd Supply is Struggling to Keep Pace with Global Demand Change from previous year Source: EIA

7 © Infield Systems Ltd Depleting Reserves in Mature Basins (North Sea)

8 © Infield Systems Ltd UKCS Production Norway Production Norway Production 2011 Oil Production Y-O-Y Decline: 7% Gas Production Y-O-Y Decline: 5% Oil Production peaked in 2000 and Gas in 2010 UKCS Production 2011 Oil Production Y-O-Y Decline: 18% Gas Production Y-O-Y Decline: 22% Oil Production peaked in 1999 and Gas in 2000 Source: NPD (Norway) and DECC (UK)

Depleting Reserves in Mature Basins (GoM) 9 © Infield Systems Ltd Field Depletion in the Gulf of Mexico

10 © Infield Systems Ltd Remaining Reserves in Harder to Reach Places - Deepwater Hydrocarbon Field Discoveries, Water Depth and Reserve Size Average size of discoveries decreases with depth, more fields will have to be developed as a result 1,000 metres

11 © Infield Systems Ltd Remaining Reserves in Harder to Reach Places – Arctic Circle

Further, Deeper & Harsher 1960’s 12 © Infield Systems Ltd. 2012

13 © Infield Systems Ltd Further, Deeper & Harsher 2000’s

14 © Infield Systems Ltd Frontier and Emerging Regions

15 © Infield Systems Ltd Geopolitical Concerns – Iran Nuclear Crisis

Geopolitical Concerns – The Receipt from The Arab Spring © Infield Systems Ltd © Infield Systems Ltd Countries in the table now require an additional ~U$20-30/bbl to balance the books Saudi Arabia is looking for $90-100/bbl, up from $70/bbl previously to pay for its promised social welfare schemes CountryCosts to GDPCosts to Public FinancesTotal Costs LibyaUS$7.67bnUS$6.49bnUS$14.2bn SyriaUS$6.07bnUS$21.22bnUS$27.3bn EgyptUS$4.27bnUS$5.52bnUS$9.79bn TunisiaUS$2.03bnUS$0.49bnUS$2.52bn BahrainUS$0.39bnUS$0.69bnUS$1.09bn YemenUS$0.12bn US$0.98bn Sub-TotalsUS$20.56bnUS$35.28bnUS$55.84bn

17 © Infield Systems Ltd Oil Price Volatility and Spread Between WTI and Brent Narrower Spread Oil price premiums maintained by the “Iranian nuclear crisis”

18 © Infield Systems Ltd High Oil Prices Precede Recessions Source: EIA International Crude Oil Prices and Global GDP Growth High oil prices are dangerous for a fragile global economy

Global Offshore Capex – Healthy Capex Going Forward 19 Global Offshore Capex: US$539bn Australasia:US$43bn Latin America:US$90bn North America:US$65bn Asia:US$92bn Europe:US$99bn Middle East:US$54bn Shallow 1,499m Global Offshore Capex includes Detailed Engineering, Development Drilling, Installation, Procurement and Construction © Infield Systems Ltd Africa:US$96bn

20 IOR/EOR Global Overview “Extending the project lifetime of mature fields” © Infield Systems Ltd. 2012

© Infield Systems Ltd © Infield Systems Ltd With Supply Constraints IOR/EOR is Key to Raise Recovery Factors unconventional production, renewable energy Source: EIA

22 © Infield Systems Ltd IOR/EOR More Relevant Than Ever – Why?  Approximately 70% of global oil production originates from mature fields (approximately 35% of the oil in place is recoverable through conventional production methods)  No more easy oil plays (geologically complex reservoirs in deeper, more remote and/or harsh environments)  Most EOR projects are onshore, however with recent advances in technology, offshore projects now offer considerable opportunities  Higher oil prices improve the project economics of IOR/EOR applications, mostly offshore  EOR not restricted to brownfield projects, increasing applications for greenfield projects (e.g. heavy oil) Conventional RecoveryEnhanced Recovery IOR (improved oil recovery) Primary Recovery e.g. natural flow, artificial lift Secondary Recovery e.g. waterflood, artificial pressure maintenance (WAG) EOR (enhanced oil recovery) Tertiary Recovery e.g. Thermal, polymer, solvent

23 © Infield Systems Ltd Major IOR/EOR Challenges Offshore Environmental challenges (e.g. pressure, weather) Geological constraints (e.g. lithology of the reservoir) Cost (e.g. higher cost base for infrastructures offshore compared to onshore) Increased logistics and maintenance (e.g. remoteness, access to injectants) Risk management (e.g. geologic carbon sequestration leakage risk) Mostly Water and Gas injections methods used offshore Statoil Tordis - IOR Subsea Module Source: Picture courtesy of Statoil

24 © Infield Systems Ltd Global Subsea Well Injections Subsea Completions (unit) by Injectants Subsea Completions (unit) by Regions Global Subsea Completions Capex (US$m)

25 © Infield Systems Ltd Conclusions  For now, IOR/EOR applications are mostly used onshore, but great potential offshore  High oil prices support the sanctioning of more IOR/EOR applications offshore, although environmental limitations are still a major concern  The development (through technology and innovation) of IOR/EOR applications is crucial to fill the growing gap between declining global oil production and emerging economies oil consumption

26 Questions???? © Infield Systems Ltd Thank You

The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate, but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made by Infield Systems Limited as to the completeness, accuracy or fairness of any information contained in it, and we do not accept any responsibility in relation to such information whether fact, opinion or conclusion that the reader may draw. The views expressed are those of the individual contributors and do not represent those of the publishers. Some of the statements contained in this document are forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements include but are not limited to, statements concerning estimates of recoverable hydrocarbons, expected hydrocarbon prices, expected costs, numbers of development units, statements relating to the continued advancement of the industry’s projects and other statements which are not historical facts. When used in this document, and in other published information of the Company, the words such as "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "potential," "should," and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that its expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risk and uncertainties and no assurance can be given that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements. Various factors could cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements including the potential for the industry’s projects to experience technical or mechanical problems or changes in financial decisions, geological conditions in the reservoir may not result in a commercial level of oil and gas production, changes in product prices and other risks not anticipated by the Company. Since forward-looking statements address future events and conditions, by their very nature, they involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Forward Looking Disclaimer 27 © Infield Systems Ltd. 2012