ADSORPTION by Pranoy Pratik Raul.

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Presentation transcript:

ADSORPTION by Pranoy Pratik Raul

Content Definition Cause Classification Isotherms Applications Only 12 slides

What is Adsorption? Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent), forming a molecular or atomic film (adsorbate) ADSORBENT ADSORBATE SOLUTION

Absorption vs. Adsorption Bulk (Volume) Phenomenon Surface Phenomenon

Why does Adsorption occur ? Consequence of surface energy Atoms on the surface experience a bond deficiency, because they are not wholly surrounded by other atoms

Types of Adsorption PROPERTIES PHYSISORPTION CHEMISORPTION Bonding WEAK, LONG RANGE Van der Waals interactions (e.g. London dispersion, dipole-dipole).. STRONG, SHORT RANGE Chemical bonding involving orbital overlap and charge transfer. Enthalpy 5-50 kJ mol-1 40-800 kJ mol-1 Saturation Multi-layer Mono-layer Surface Specificity No Yes Nature Reversible Mostly Irreversible

Adsorption Isotherms Plot of the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of its pressure (if gas) or concentration (if liquid) at constant temperature. Langmuir isotherm (adsorbed layer one molecule thick) Freundlich isotherm (Heterogeneous adsorbent surface with different adsorption sites) Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) isotherm (molecules can be adsorbed more than one layer thick)

Freundlich Isotherm Freundlich and Küster (1909) Empirical formula: Limitation: Fails at high pressures Q- Mass of adsorbate / mass of adsorbent p- equilibrium pressure of adsorbate c- equilibrium con. Of adsorbate in solution K,n- constants

Langmuir Isotherm Irving Langmuir (1916) Assumptions: Uniformity of sites Non interaction Common Mechanism Monolayer only Semi-Empirical Formula: Q- Mass of adsorbate / mass of adsorbent Qmax- Maximum Q to form a mono-layer c- equilibrium con. of adsorbate in solution K - constant

BET Isotherm Stephen Brunauer, Paul Hugh Emmett and Edward Teller (1938) Assumptions: Multilayer No Transmigration Equal Energy Langmuir to each layer CS - saturation (solubility limit) concentration of the solute(mg/liter) KB - a parameter related to the binding intensity for all layers.

Applications Activated Carbon Silica Gel and Zeolites Hydrophobic Surface area-500m2/g Waste water treatment Decontaminant in pharmacy Silica Gel and Zeolites Hydrophilic Polar Drying of process air CO2 and Hydrocarbon removal from natural gas Vapor Adsorption Refrigeration Protein Adsorption on biomaterials(cells)