Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-Baghdad-Iraq.

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Presentation transcript:

Petroleum Technology Economics and Project Management Lect. No.1 By Ass. Prof.Dr. Khalid Ajmi Sukkar Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-Baghdad-Iraq

References 1- Jean Masseron,‏ PETROLEUM ECONOMICS, 4 th edition., Edition Technip, Ian Lerche, and Sheila Noeth, Economics of Petroleum Production Volume 2: Value and Worth, 1992.Ian Lerche, Sheila Noeth 3- IFP School, Oil and Gas Exploration and Production-Reserves, Costs, Contracts, Editions TECHNIP, Editions TECHNIP 4- M.A. Al-Sahlawi,Hussein K. Abdel-Aal,Mohammed A. Alsahlawi Petroleum Economics and Engineering, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 1992.M.A. Al-SahlawiHussein K. Abdel-AalMohammed A. Alsahlawi 5- Petroleum Economics | slb.com‏ ( نشريات شركة شلمبرجر الاميركية )Petroleum Economics | slb.com‏ 6- OPEC Magazines ( ) 7- اقتصادنا, السيد محمد باقر الصدر

World Proven Reserves of Crude Oil thousand million barrels

Energy Distribution

Types of Crude Oil The different Types of crude oil are classified based on the American Petroleum Gravity (API) gravity and viscosity. The properties may vary in terms of proportion of hydrocarbon elements, sulfur content etc as it is extracted from different geographical locations all over the world. If the API gravity of the crude oil is of 20 degrees or less, it is graded as 'heavy', those with an API gravity of 40.1 degrees or greater than that is known as 'light' and if the oil ranges between 20 and 40.1 degrees, it is graded as 'intermediate'. Classifications are made based on the sulfur content as well. Crude oil with low content of sulfur means 'sweet' and the presence of high content sulfur is known as 'sour'. The purity of crude oil increases or decreases based on the sulfur content as sulfur is an acidic material One of the largest and major Classifications of Crude oil is: Brent Blend, which is found in the North Sea. With an API gravity of 38.3 degrees and 0.37% of sulfur, this blend of crude oil comes from 15 various oil fields in the North Sea. Brent Blend is refined in the United States and Gulf coasts during the times of export. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) otherwise known as Texas Light Sweet, OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) and Dubai Crude are other major benchmarks or references. The deposits for West Texas Intermediate are found in Texas and Mexico whereas for OPEC Reference Basket oil is sourced from Bonny light (Nigeria), Arab light (Saudi Arabia), Basra light (Iraq), Saharan blend (Algeria) and Minas (Indonesia). Although, Brent blend is graded as a light crude oil, it is not as light as WTI.

Crude Types

OPEC Capacity

Oil market Developments

عملية التشغيل عملية التنفيذ تطوير البرامج ضمن إطار أهداف محددة عملية التخطيط الإستراتيجي تحديد الغايات والسياسات والأهداف اختيار البرامج العوامل الخارجية تقني ثقافي تاريخي اقتصادي نفسي سياسي قانوني المعطيات النواتج تحليل العمليات قيود معينة الاقتصاد الفعالية معايير الأداء قيود مختلفة قيود عامة تحليل البرنامج تطوير الهيكلl التنظيمي تحليل الأنظمة تخطيط الهيكل التنظيمي المؤثرة على اي مشروع صناعي او اقتصادي العوامل

11 القطاع النفطي يتضرر من الأزمة العالمية نمو إجمالي الناتج المحلي الحقيقي ( التغير السنوي؛ %) متوقعة 2010 متوقعة العالم الاقتصادات المتقدمة إجمالي الناتج المحلي النفطي في البلدان المصدرة للنفط

U.S. Energy Consumption Source: Annual Energy Outlook Energy Information Administration.

U.S. Petroleum Trends أمــــثلة للتــأثيرات الاقتصادية نتيجة ارتفاع سعر النفط  إذا علمنا أن إجمالي النفقات علي الطاقة بأنواعها في الولايات المتحدة يصل إلي 500مليار دولار سنويا منها 200مليار دولار علي قطاع الكهرباء لصار متوقعا حجم الخسائر التي تصيب الاقتصاد الأمريكي جراء تقلبات الأسعار.  أدي ارتفاع أسعار البترول خلال حرب أكتوبر1973 ، 40دولار/برميل، إلي خسارة للاقتصاد الأمريكي –في ذلك العام- بلغت 350 مليار دولار.  أما تغير الأسعار خلال الثلاثين عام الماضية (1973 – 2003)، فقد كبد الاقتصاد الأمريكي ما قيمته 7 آلاف مليار دولار، أي ما يعادل 233 مليار دولار سنويا.  تدفع الولايات المتحدة نحو 7.3 مليار دولار حال ارتفاع سعر برميل البترول دولارا واحدا فقط لمدة عــام.