Sweden - Hydrogen Resources utilization, expertise IEA Hydrogen Task 30 Jülich September 2010 Bengt Ridell September 2010

Electricity production in Sweden ~140 TWh Hydropower CHP in district heating Windpower Nuclear power CHP industry

Energy demand in Sweden  Electricity 150 TWh  Transport 90 TWh  Heating etc 150 TWh In total ~400 TWh Hydrogen will have the greatest opportunities in the transport sector.

Energy in Sweden 2009 BiofuelOil Hydropower Nuclear Natural gas Coal Wind Heat pumps

Sweden Fuel input electricity production (~10%)

Sweden GHG-emissions GDP Bioenergy

Sweden GHG emissions by sector

Renewable potential for hydrogen production  Biofuels, Woodchips, waste from pulp and paper industry, crops, waste, in total about 200 TWh  Windpower, potential very optimistic ~15 TWh  Wave power, test plants under construction  Solar power, low potential but might be significant for local production on remote sites.  New hydropower, large potential more than 20 TWh but politically impossible for the near future

Sweden Hydrogen utilization  Transport fuel will dominate for the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier  Hydrogen will have too big difficulties to compete with other energy carriers for residential use and in larger buildings  Sweden has a significant industrial hydrogen production about tons per year  The Swedish hydrogen industry has a long experience of the use of hydrogen, storage, distribution and safety issues  In the Stenugnsund area they have pipeline system between four different industries.

Hydrogen production in Sweden tons

Hydrogen production Sweden ton

Hydrogen as an energy carrier in Sweden  Hydrogen as energy carrier is a bottom-up approach in Sweden  The interest from the government is still very small  Largest activity Volvo Powercell PEFC fuel cell system including development of a reformer for diesel and other fuels  Some single demonstration projects - CUTE – Stockholm - Malmö Hydrogen filling station - several single hydrogen vehicles demonstrations - a new Hydrogen filling stations in Göteborg on the west coast under negotiation  Hydrogen Sweden partnership  SMEs: Cellkraft, myFC, Opcon a.o.

The future for hydrogen as energy carrier in Sweden  Hydrogen as transport fuel depending on a breakthrough of Fuel Cell Vehicles  Renewable production of hydrogen - reforming of ADP biogas - gasification of biomass - other local renewables windpower, new small hydro power plants - solar and wavepower might come later  Stationary systems, back-up power and stand-alone systems biogas – fuel cell systems might come

Sweden GHG emissions