Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 SmartGrids A key step in the third industrial revolution Ronnie Belmans Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Presentation Objectives  Energy in the environment: local approach  Energy sources, free humans of the local availability and of time: James Watt, first industrial revolution  Using all energy available and bringing it to the user: Faraday, Maxwell, electricity, second industrial revolution  Harvesting energy, a greenhouse gas free supply: Einstein, Bequerrel, electricity again, third industrial revolution Ronnie Belmans 2

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Technical miracles of the 20 th century 1.Electrification 2.Automobile 3.Airplane 4.Safe and Abundant Water 5.Electronics 6.Radio and Television 7.Agricultural Mechanization 8.Computers 9.Telephone 10.Air Conditioning and Refrigeration 11.Interstate Highways 12.Space Exploration 13.Internet 14.Imaging Technologies 15.Household Appliances 16.Health Technologies 17.Petroleum and Gas Technologies 18.Laser and Fiber Optics 19.Nuclear Technologies 20.High Performance Materials Ronnie Belmans 3 (Source: National Academy of Engineering) Still… new generation paradigms & ageing assets pose a serious challenge… Technical, legal and economic challenges

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Challenges for 2020 and beyond Ronnie Belmans 30GW of solar power in the South ? 50GW of wind power in the North ? Customer Interaction and Intelligent Appliances New DC Links and Interconnections Micro- generation in millions of homes ? plus wind variation / cloud cover / customer choice… Smart Grids will be needed to ensure supply security, connect and operate clean and sustainable energy, and give value for money 4

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 SmartGrids Vision Ronnie Belmans Regulation of Monopolies Innovation and Competitiveness Low Prices And Efficiency Primary Energy Sources Reliability and Quality Capacity Nature Preservation Climate Change Kyoto and Post-Kyoto Internal Market Security of Supply Environment 5 Driving factors

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 SmartGrids Vision Ronnie Belmans Users Energy service providers Technology providers Researchers Regulators Network companies Traders Generators Governmental agencies Stakeholders 6

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 SmartGrids Vision Ronnie Belmans Central & dispersed sources Smart materials and power electronics Central & dispersed intelligence Seamless integration of new applications End user real time Information & participation Multi-directional ‘flows’ 7

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 SmartGrids Vision Ronnie Belmans 8 Enable active customer participation Accommodate all generation and storage options Enable new products services and markets Provide power quality for the 21 st Century Optimise assets and operate efficiently Anticipate and respond to system disturbances (self-heal) Operate resiliently against attack and natural disaster Enable fundamental changes in Transport and Buildings (Source: SmartGridNews.com)

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 New generation paradigm Importance of adequate forecasting and control tools !! Ronnie Belmans 9 “Fresh breeze” means somewhere between 200 and 1,600 MW  A deviation of just +/  1 m/s may have an impact of +/  320 MW (with a 2,374 MW installed base)

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Conclusion: Action now! Ronnie Belmans targets 2050 targets and beyond REQUIRE application of today’s technologies REQUIRE development of today’s technologies REQUIRES research for tomorrow’stechnologies These actions must be put in hand NOW

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 With and without SmartGrids Input AC needed; show the what is happening Today SmartGrid Vision Future

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Future urban view

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Stakeholders General Assembly, October 27, 2009 Future European view