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Covalent Bonding Visit For 100’s of free powerpoints

Chlorine atom 2,8,7

2 Chlorine atoms Outer shells only

Chlorine molecule Cl 2 Molecules have no overall electric charge Molecular or covalent compounds are usually gases or liquids – they have low melting points and low boiling points Forces between molecules very weak Forces (bonds) between atoms in the molecule very strong Each outer shell has 8 electrons Electrons shared

Covalent bonds can be represented in 3 ways:

Cl Chlorine Cl 2 Cl

Covalent Bonds: Water H 2 O MethaneCH 4 AmmoniaNH 3 HydrogenH 2 Hydrogen ChlorideHCl OxygenO 2 N.B. Oxygen has a double bond

Oxygen O 16 8 Oxygen atom 2,6

2 Oxygen atoms (outer shells only) Double covalent bond O O

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