CULTURE OF PREPAREDNESS (MOCK EXERCISES) – AN INITIATIVE BY NDMA BY BRIG (DR) B K KHANNA, SENIOR SPEC (TRAINING & CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT) NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Emergency Preparedness and Evolving the Concept of Mock Exercise

Defining Emergency Preparedness Emergency Preparedness – against natural & manmade hazards Emergency Preparedness – against natural & manmade hazards Building up Infrastructure, Knowledge and Capabilities Building up Infrastructure, Knowledge and Capabilities Personnel augmentation and their training plans. Personnel augmentation and their training plans. Community preparedness Community preparedness Communication plan Communication plan Funding Policies Funding Policies Integrated DM Plan Integrated DM Plan Covering complete DM Cycle Covering complete DM Cycle

Testing of Emergency Preparedness Plans Training and Re-training of all stakeholders/service providers Training and Re-training of all stakeholders/service providers Awareness among Community Awareness among Community Specialized response at industry/district/state/ national level Specialized response at industry/district/state/ national level Coordination between various Emergency Support Functionaries Coordination between various Emergency Support Functionaries Testing the organized response through conduct of Mock Exercise Testing the organized response through conduct of Mock Exercise

Comparing Global Models US Model: Orientation Seminar Table-top Exercise Drills Functional Exercise Full-Scale Exercise (Total Cost-in millions)

Comparing Global Models UK Model: UK Model: Seminar Exercise Table-top Exercise Control Post Exercise Live Exercise

Examples of Global WMD Drills TOPOFF 1-3 TOPOFF 1-3 Chemical Weapon Drill in Cincinnati, Ohio in May, 2000 Chemical Weapon Drill in Cincinnati, Ohio in May, 2000 Testing the role of Mild Causality Center (MCC) during Mass Toxicological Event Testing the role of Mild Causality Center (MCC) during Mass Toxicological Event Exercises conducted by NATO for “Partnership of Peace” Exercises conducted by NATO for “Partnership of Peace”

Chemical Mock Exercises : Developing the Concept in Indian Context

INDUSTRIAL VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA 1. India has 602 districts, 263 districts have Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units. 170 districts have more than 05 MAH Units. 2. A total of 1666 MAH Units in India (less the storages of hazardous substances, big warehouses, small factories). ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1638 MAH Units. 28 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’ Plans – Hope one of these not yours!! 3. Of 263 districts, 166 districts have ‘Off Site’ plans, but most NOT as per Schedule Mock Drills for ‘Off Site’ Plans rarely carried out.

STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR CONDUCTING MOCK EXERCISES 1. MoEF Rules for ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ Emergency Plans – DM Act, 2005 mandates NDMA to coordinate the enforcement and implementation of its policy & guidelines. 3. The Act also mandates NDMA to take such preventive measures for the prevention of disaster or the mitigation or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with a threatening disaster situation or disaster as it may consider necessary – Mock Exercise one such measure. 4. NDMA Guidelines on Chemical (Industrial) Disaster reinforces MoEF guidelines, to conduct mock drills for ‘On Site Plan’ at least once every six months and ‘Off Site Plan’ at least once every year. 5. NDMA Guidelines give out the formats for ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ plans as Annexures.

NEED FOR MOCK DRILL 1. To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness. 2. To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified Stakeholders. 3. To Evaluate the Resource Status of various Departments. 4. To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies for their optimum utilization. 5. To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and improve the Resource Capabilities to Face Actual Disasters.

Deficiencies in Exercising Not Practised Regularly! Not Practised Regularly! No Standard Format! No Standard Format! How to prepare for Chemical Mock Exercise? How to prepare for Chemical Mock Exercise? How to test and evaluate the outcome? How to test and evaluate the outcome?

OBJECTIVES 1. To review Disaster Management Plan of the State. 2.To evaluate the Emergency Response Plan and Standard Operating Procedures of the Industry/District/sselected for Mock Exercise. 3.To highlight the Roles and Responsibilities of various Stakeholders. 4.Enhance Coordination among Emergency Support Functions of various stakeholders at District level. 5.To generate Public Awareness by involvement of Local Government, NGOs and Public. 6.Identify the gaps in Resources, Manpower, Communications and in any other field.

STEPS Step 1 1,Coordinating Conference (a)Delineating objectives of Mock Exercise. (b)Scope of Exercise. (c)Selection of the District/industry for Mock Exercise. (d)Date and Venue for Table Top and Mock Exercise. (e)Participants (f)Media Coverage. Step 2 2.Table Top Exercise. Precursor to Mock Exercise. Scenarios are initially painted at Local Industry level and spill over as “off site” emergency where district admn comes to aid; sometimes help from State/neighbouring district/s may be sought.. Principal Secy DM, Collector/DC and Stakeholders at State and District levels like Director Industry, SSP, District Health Officer, Fire Officer, Public Services heads, NDRF Team Leader, Communication, Civil Defence, Home Guard, Red Cross, RTO, NGOs, Public Relations etc respond. Subsequent situations are painted as realistically as possible. Details of Coordination and Safety are discussed. The Gaps are identified and Remedial Measures taken.

Step 3 3.Mock Exercise. Observers are detailed, briefed and format for assessment issued. Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders. Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential manner. Sequence of events and Administrative Arrangements are finalized with States & District Authorities beforehand. Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders on orders of their own departments. Incident Command Post is established at district level for command and control. The State may also operationalise EOC. Relief Camps are established for evacuees. Hospitals are earmarked for evacuation of casualties and Medical Aid Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 3 3.Mock Exercise. Observers are detailed and format for assessment issued. Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders. Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential manner. Sequence of events and Administrative Arrangements are finalized with States & District Authorities beforehand. Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders on orders of their own departments. Incident Command Post is established at district level for command and control. The State may also operationalise EOC. Relief Camps are established for evacuees. Hospitals are earmarked for evacuation of casualties and Medical Aid Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 4 Submission of Final Report. Reports are sent by all Stake Holders and Observers. A Final Report is made at NDMA. Lessons Learnt are circulated to all concerned.

Sl.HazardCoordinating Conference Table TopMock Exercise 1.FloodsTwo 2.EarthquakeThree 3.CycloneTwo 4.Chemical (Industrial) Nine 5.FireFive TotalTwenty one SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES

Sl.HazardCoordinating Conference Table TopMock Exercise 1.FloodsFour 2.EarthquakeFour 3.CycloneTwo 4.Chemical (Industrial) Ten 5.FireFour 6.OthersTwo TotalTwenty Six SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES

CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) DISASTER MOCK DRILLS Industrial Complex, Greater Noida, UP Industrial Complex, Greater Noida, UP Pithampur Industrial Complex, Dhar, MP. Pithampur Industrial Complex, Dhar, MP. Chemical Industry & Port Area, Mangalore. Chemical Industry & Port Area, Mangalore. Refineries and other chemical units in Visakhapatnam, AP. Refineries and other chemical units in Visakhapatnam, AP. Chemical/Metallurgical Industry in Chittaurgarh, Raj. Chemical/Metallurgical Industry in Chittaurgarh, Raj. Hazira Industrial Complex, Surat, Gujarat. Hazira Industrial Complex, Surat, Gujarat. OICL Refinery, Digboi, Dibrugarh, Assam. OICL Refinery, Digboi, Dibrugarh, Assam. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Ernakulum, Kerala. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Ernakulum, Kerala.

CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) DISASTER MOCK DRILLS – Chemical/Refineries in Chembur, Mumbai. Chemical/Refineries in Chembur, Mumbai. Chemical & Other Hazard Industries, Coimbatore, TN. Chemical & Other Hazard Industries, Coimbatore, TN. Fertilizer Industry at Paradeep, Orissa. Fertilizer Industry at Paradeep, Orissa. Chemical, Hazardous Port Area, Haldia. Chemical, Hazardous Port Area, Haldia. Steel Plant & Hazardous Industries, Bhilai Steel Plant & Hazardous Industries, Bhilai Thermal Plant at Kota, Rajasthan. Thermal Plant at Kota, Rajasthan. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Goa. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Goa. Chemical/ Hazardous Industries, Bangalore. Chemical/ Hazardous Industries, Bangalore. Oil Refineries, Jamnagar. Oil Refineries, Jamnagar. Oil Refinery & Bottling Plant, Numaligarh, Assam. Oil Refinery & Bottling Plant, Numaligarh, Assam.

LESSONS LEARNT

MAJOR LESSONS LEARNT DM Plans of Industries and Districts not as per DM Act 2005 and Guidelines issued by NDMA and schedule 11 & 12 MoEF Rules. DM Plans of Industries & District in isolation, Need to revisit & review DM Plans by professional Disaster Managers. DM Plans of Industries and Districts not as per DM Act 2005 and Guidelines issued by NDMA and schedule 11 & 12 MoEF Rules. DM Plans of Industries & District in isolation, Need to revisit & review DM Plans by professional Disaster Managers. Shortage of PPE with First Responders. Shortage of PPE with First Responders. Senior Mgmt not conscious of Safety for self. Senior Mgmt not conscious of Safety for self. Gaps in Medical Response – Shortage of stretchers, est of first aid post, triage, amb as load carriers and hospital preparedness(surge capacity). Gaps in Medical Response – Shortage of stretchers, est of first aid post, triage, amb as load carriers and hospital preparedness(surge capacity). No local SAR Teams. No local SAR Teams. Fire Fighting equipment short & obsolete. Fire Fighting equipment short & obsolete. Concept of ICP and its functioning. Concept of ICP and its functioning. Response of Disstrict Adm luke warm. Response of Disstrict Adm luke warm. Duplication of Communications. Duplication of Communications. ‘On site’ plans practised as a drill not for learning and ‘off site’ plans not practised regularly. ‘On site’ plans practised as a drill not for learning and ‘off site’ plans not practised regularly. Spreading general awareness in the neighbourhood community – adopting villages. Spreading general awareness in the neighbourhood community – adopting villages. Industry very apprehensive of interacting with media – media management. Industry very apprehensive of interacting with media – media management.

FILM AND ADS FOR GEN AWARENESS Film on Mock Exercises conducted by NDMA – Film on Mock Exercises conducted by NDMA – Awareness Campaign through Ads. Awareness Campaign through Ads.