Movement Components and Skill Development Chapter 3

Motor Skills Skill that requires the effective use of skeletal muscles Generally developed in childhood and expanded to more complex skills as one moves throughout the lifespan

Skill Themes Fundamental motor skills that can be performed Can include locomotor skills, nonlocomotor/axial skills, and manipulative skills Always verbs

Locomotor Skills Skill themes in which a body moves from one place to another Movements that propel a mover around an area Eight basic locomotor skills Walk Hop Run Gallop Leap Slide Jump Skip

Nonlocomotor Skills Stationary movements that do not propel the mover around an area Generally occur from a sitting or standing position Also known as axial or nonmanipulative movements Common nonlocomotor movements include: Bend Collapse Pull Stretch Swing Shake Twist Sway Rise Turn Balance Push

Manipulative Skills Movements in which the hand or feet handle equipment Divided into fine motor and gross motor skills Fine motor skills involve the use of hands and fingers Gross motor skills involve large muscles Most complex and often most difficult to learn Common manipulative gross motor skills include throwing, catching, dribbling, kicking, punting, volleying, and striking

Movement Concepts Describe how a skill is performed Always adverbs Generally broken down into 4 main categories: Body awareness – what the body can do Space awareness – where the body moves Effort/Qualtity – how the body moves Relationships – how the body relates

Body Awareness What the body can do Specific actions the body can perform while moving Examples include: Transferring body weight Balancing or bearing weight Flight Shapes Focus

Space Awareness Where the body moves Involves concepts such as: Location: Personal space and general space Directions: Up/down, Forward/backward, Right/left, Clockwise/counterclockwise Levels: Low, middle, high Pathways: Straight, curved, zigzag Extensions: Large/small, Far/near

Effort How the body moves Qualities of movements Includes concepts such as: Time: Fast/slow, Sudden/sustained Force: Strong/light Flow: Bound/free

Relationships With whom or what the body moves How the body relates Includes concepts such as: Of body parts: Round, narrow, wide, twisted, symmetrical, nonsymmetrical With objects and/or people: Over/under, On/off, Near/far, In front/behind, Along/through, Meeting/parting, surrounding, around, alongside With people: Leading/following, Mirroring/matching, Unison/contrast, alone in a mass, solo, partners, groups, between groups

Questions?