End Show Slide 1 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

End Show Slide 2 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20-1 The Kingdom Protista

End Show Slide 3 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Protists are eukaryotes that are not members of the Plant, Animal, or Fungi kingdoms. What Is a Protist? The kingdom Protista may include more than 200,000 species. Most, but not all, protists are unicellular.

End Show Slide 4 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classification of Protists One way protists can be classified is by how they obtain nutrition: Heterotrophs are called animal-like protists. Photosynthesizers are called plantlike protists. Decomposers and parasites are called funguslike protists. Classification of Protists

End Show Slide 5 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists: Protozoans

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 6 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20-2 Animal-like Protists: There are four phyla of animal-like protists: zooflagellates sarcodines ciliates sporozoans Animal-like protists are classified by their means of movement.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 7 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Zooflagellates Animal-like protists that swim using flagella are called zooflagellates.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 8 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sarcodines Sarcodines are animal-like protists that have pseudopods. Pseudopods are temporary cytoplasmic projections used for feeding or movement.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 9 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sarcodines Amoebas Amoebas are flexible, active cells with thick pseudopods that extend out of the central mass of the cell. Cytoplasm streams into the pseudopod, and the rest of the cell follows. This type of locomotion is known as amoeboid movement.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 10 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sarcodines Structures of an Amoeba Nucleus Food vacuole Contractile vacuole Pseudopods

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 11 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ciliates Ciliates use cilia for feeding and movement. Cilia are short hairlike projections that propel a cell.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 12 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ciliates Paramecia One type of ciliate is a paramecium. In a paramecium, the cilia are grouped into rows and bundles, and beat in a regular pattern.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 13 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ciliates Structures of a Paramecium

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 14 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sporozoans Sporozoans do not move on their own— they are parasitic. Sporozoans are parasites of a wide variety of organisms, including worms, fish, birds, and humans.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 15 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sporozoans Many sporozoans have complex life cycles that involve more than one host.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 16 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists and Disease Malaria Malaria is one of the world’s most serious infectious diseases, killing as many as 2 million people each year. The sporozoan Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 17 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists and Disease Malarial Infection

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 18 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists and Disease A female Anopheles mosquito bites a human infected with malaria and picks up Plasmodium gamete cells.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 19 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists and Disease The sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle takes place inside the mosquito.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 20 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Infected mosquito bites another human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites. Animal-like Protists and Disease Plasmodium sporozoites

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 21 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Sporozoites infect liver cells and multiply asexually. Animal-like Protists and Disease Liver Plasmodium sporozoites

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 22 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells called merozoites that infect red blood cells. Animal-like Protists and Disease Plasmodium sporozoites Liver Liver cells burst Merozoites

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 23 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Animal-like Protists and Disease Red blood cells Merozoites Merozoites reproduce asexually inside red blood cells.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 24 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ecology of Animal-like Protists Many animal-like protists are essential to the living world. Some live symbiotically within other organisms. Some recycle nutrients from dead organic matter. Some live in water, where they are eaten by tiny animals, which in turn serve as food for larger animals.

End Show 20–2 Animal-like Protists: Protozoans Slide 25 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ecology of Animal-like Protists Some animal-like protists are beneficial to other organisms. The protist Trichonympha lives within the digestive systems of termites. It breaks down cellulose, allowing termites to digest wood.

End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 26 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20–2

End Show Slide 27 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20–2 Structures found in sarcodines that are used for feeding and movement are known as a.pseudopods. b.flagella. c.cilia. d.food vacuoles.

End Show Slide 28 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20–2 The structure found in most ciliates that contains a “reserve copy” of all the cell's genes is the a.macronucleus. b.micronucleus. c.trichocysts. d.contractile vacuole.

End Show Slide 29 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20–2 One way to classify the various groups of animal-like protists is by a.the presence of a nuclear membrane. b.the presence of mitochondria. c.their means of movement. d.the number of contractile vacuoles.

End Show Slide 30 of 50 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 20–2 Malaria is caused by the sporozoan a.Plasmodium. b.Anopheles. c.Amoeba. d.Paramecium.

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