 Unit 3

 Protists are eukaryotes that are not member of the Plant, Animal or Fungi kingdoms.  Most (but not all) are unicellular

 One way protists can be classified is by how they obtain nutrition: o Heterotrophs- called animal-like protists o Photosynthesizers- called plant-like protists o Decomposers and parasites- called fungus-like protists. Animal-like: Amoeba Plant-like: Euglena Fungus-like: Slime Molds

 There are four phyla of animal-like protists o Zooglagellates o Sarcodines o Ciliates o Sporozoans  Animal-like protists are classified by their means of movement.

 Animal-like protists that swim using flagella are called zooflagellates.  Flagella are long, whiplike projections that allow a cell to move.

 Sarcodines are animal-like protists that have pseudopods.  Pseudopods (false foot) are temporary cytoplasmic projections used for feeding or movement.

 Flexible, active cells with thick pseudopods that extend out of the central mass of the cell.

 Cilates use cilia for feeding and movement.  Cilia are short hair like projections that propel a cell.  The paramecium is an example of a ciliate. o The cilia are grouped into rows and bundles and beat in a regular pattern.

 Sporozoans do not move on their own- they are parasitic  Some animal-like protists cause serious diseases, such as malia

 Label the following parts on the below paramecium. o Cilia o Oral Groove o Micronucleus o Macronucleus o Trichocysts

 Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Protista, Phylum: Sarcodina  contain pseudopods= false feet  Pseudopods used for both movement and feeding o Feeding: Phagocytosis- pseudopods extend out and wrap around food particles, making a food vacuole. The food will eventually be digested by the lysosomes.  The contractile vacuole is used to pump out excess water out of the cell.

 Domain:Eukarya, Kingdom: Protista, Phylum: Cilaphora  Move by tiny hair-like projections called cilia.  The pellicle is a thick outer membrane, reason Paramecium cannot change their shape.  Two types of nuclei: Macronucleus and Micronucleus  Feeding: Heterotrophs, food enters through the oral groove, and become a food vacuole. Undigested food particles are eliminated through the anal pore.  Trichocysts are threadlike structures used as a defense mechanism

 Plant-like protists contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.  Plant-like protists are commonly called “algae”  Algae are sometimes classified with the plants.

 Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Protists, Phylum: Euglenophyta  Move through the use of a flagella  Feeding: can be both an autotroph and a heterotroph o Autotroph: sunlight and the use of chloroplasts, Eyespot can detect light. o Heterotroph: absorbing nutrients across the cell membrane  Firm cell membrane called a pellicle  Contractile Vacuole that removes excess water from the cell

 Pg 498: #1,3,4,5  Pg 505: #1,2  Pg 523: #1,2,4, 11, 13 Assignment is due on Thursday Oct 30 th.