 Statics The sum of the forces acting on an object is equal to o  Dynamics F1F1 F3F3 F4F4 F2F2 F1F1 F3F3 F4F4 F2F2 free body diagrams:

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Presentation transcript:

 Statics The sum of the forces acting on an object is equal to o  Dynamics F1F1 F3F3 F4F4 F2F2 F1F1 F3F3 F4F4 F2F2 free body diagrams:

 Newton’s second law of motion:  We know that the forces acting on our rockets are:  Another force to take into account is the force due to air friction; we will assume it is negligible W F thrust forcemass acceleration weight gravity (a =9.8 m/s 2 ) exhaust velocity rate of mass ejection (Δ fuel mass/Δ time)

 First law of thermodynamics: Energy is conserved; it can neither be created nor destroyed  Any energy that you put into a system must come out of the system as work or heat  The energy that we put into the rocket (fuel) is equal to the work (how far it travels) and heat (from combustion and air friction) that come out of the rocket energyheatwork

 The energy in the fuel that is not lost to the heat of combustion is converted into work energy to propel the rocket into the air  Combustion reactions require fuel, oxygen and heat  The energy of combustion comes from the breaking of molecular bonds of the reactants  Fuel for our rockets is a mixture of KNO 3 (in the stump remover) and C 12 H 22 O 11 (table sugar)  Think about it: How does changing the size of the fuel particles affect the combustion reaction?

 Recall:  We know: E  chemical energy from our fuel Q  heat energy from combustion W  (F thrust x distance traveled)-W rocket  You are now a rocket scientist!

 Using stoichiometry, we can calculate the relative quantities (grams, moles, atoms, etc.) of reactants and products in chemical reactions  Example 1: 85.0 g of propane (C 3 H 8 ) is burned in excess oxygen. How many grams of water are formed? 1 C 3 H O 2  3 CO H 2 O 85.0 g C 3 H 8 (1 mol C 3 H 8 ) (4 mol H 2 O) (18 g H 2 O) = g H 2 O (44.1 g C 3 H 8 ) (1 mol C 3 H 8 ) (1 mol H 2 O)  Example 2: Iron reacts with superheated steam to form hydrogen gas and iron (II, III) oxide. Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen produced by 20.0 g of iron in excess steam. 3 Fe + 4 H 2 O  1 Fe 3 O H g Fe (1 mol Fe) (4 mol H 2 ) = g H 2 (55.85 g Fe) (3 mol Fe) Molecule Molecular Weight (g/mol) C3H8C3H O2O2 32 CO H2OH2O18 Fe55.85 Fe 3 O H2H Mouse click to reveal example 1 answer Another mouse click to reveal example 2 answer