Properties of the Periodic Table Families Chemistry Fall 2009.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Why is hydrogen located on the left side of the periodic table with the active metals, even though it is a gas? Hydrogen’s location is related to its electron.
Advertisements

Periodic Table.
CHAPTER 5.3 GROUPS/FAMILIES & VALENCE ELECTRONS. Elements in a group or “family” have similar properties. Elements in a period have the same number of.
Chapter 3: Elements and the Periodic Table
Unit 5 ● What Atoms Look Like
Chemistry Chapter 6/7 Notes #2 LaVigne. Classification of Elements H: 1s 1 Li [He]2s 1 Na [Ne]3s 1 K [Ar]4s 1 Be: [He]2s 2 Mg [Ne]3s 2 Ca [Ar]4s 2 Sr.
Properties of the Elements
Unit 3/Chapters 3 & 8 Notes Chemistry CPA
The modern periodic table – element groups
Non-Metals & Metalloids. Properties of Non-Metals Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals are not ductile or malleable. Solid.
Chapter 7 The Elements.
Elements Hydrogen Number of: Protons 1 Neutrons 0 Electrons 1 Boiling point -252 Freezing point -259 State at room temperature gas.
The Elements Hydrogen - Calcium.
The Periodic Table of Elements Not just a table, the key to matter!!!!!!!
2/13 Bellringer Answer Questions #1-2 on page 577.
THE PERIODIC TABLE Shinelle Barretto – A3.
Unit 5 Section 3 Notes Families of Elements.
Lecture Notes Periodic Table
Groups of the Periodic Table
The Elements.  In the universe, there are 92 naturally occurring elements.  The other elements are synthetic, or created in a laboratory.  Remember,
S ECTION 5–3: R EPRESENTATIVE G ROUPS Physical Science Coach Kelsoe Pages 139–145.
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Why do elements in the same group/family have similar properties?
Section 4: Nonmetals and Metalloids
Elements and Their Properties
Chapter 5 The Periodic Table.
Families of the PT. Warm-up How many valence electrons do atoms of oxygen and sulfur have? How do you know? Look at the element box for Carbon.
Group 3A: The Boron Group BBBBoron AAAAluminum GGGGallium.
1 DMITRI MENDELEEV ORGANIZED KNOWN ELEMENTS INTO A TABLE POSITIONED ELEMENTS SO ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES IN COLUMNS RECOGNIZED THAT PROPERTIES.
ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Periodic Table Grouping Elements.
Section 3 Representative Groups. Key Concepts Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? What are some properties of the A groups in the.
How is the Periodic Table of Elements Organized?
The Wayzata Chemistry Department Presents. $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300.
5.3 Representative Groups Why is hydrogen located on the left side of the periodic table with the active metals, even though it is a gas? Hydrogen’s location.
 Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table.  Metals-Left of “staircase”  Nonmetals-Right of “staircase”  Alkali.
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS. VALENCE ELECTRONS  electron that is in the highest occupied energy level  electrons in the last energy level  elements in a.
CHP 5.3 REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS PG Valence Electrons The “A” groups in the periodic table have numbers that match the number of valence electrons.
Oct 11, 2010 T – T – Complete graphic organizer about families on Periodic Table A – A – Adopt-An-Element Project due Monday, 10/25 L – L – Worksheet due.
Properties of Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals are shiny. Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires). Metals.
MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE By the middle of the 19 th century, dozens of elements had been discovered.
Nonmetals and Metalloids Chapter 4 Section 4. Properties Of Nonmetals A nonmetal is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. Most nonmetals.
CHAPTER 6. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Group 1 Alkali comes from the Arabic word meaning ashes. Alkali comes from the Arabic word meaning ashes. Shiny solids.
Atoms and Molecules The Periodic Table of Elements.
Periodic Table Review Physical Science Chapter 5.3.
The Periodic Table Grouping the Elements Section 2 Pages
S ECTION 5–3: R EPRESENTATIVE G ROUPS Physical Science.
Familiar Elements. Aluminum- Al Lightweight and does not corrode Used in airplane construction.
The Elements Chapter 7. Properties of s-Block Elements Representative Elements ▫The lower the ionization energy, the more reactive the metal  Metal groups.
Grouping the Elements Chapter 4 Section 2 p Vocabulary 1.alkali metal 2.alkaline-earth metal 3.halogen 4.noble gas.
Periodic Table Families
Elements 1. Elements Element: a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means 91 elements occur naturally.
5.7 – NOTES Element Notes.
Table of Contents Chapter 7: Elements Trends History Properties.
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
Periodic Table From Left Right.
Section 5–3: Representative Groups
How is it organized? You can see it several ways…
Properties of G R O U P S The Periodic Table Part II.
Representative Groups
REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS (5.3)
5.3 Representative Groups
The Periodic Table.
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Physical Science Nov. 25.
The Periodic Table.
METALS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES HARDNESS SHININESS
Valence Electrons Why do the elements in a group have similar properties? Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number.
Chapter 3- Understanding the
The Periodic Table.
Presentation transcript:

Properties of the Periodic Table Families Chemistry Fall 2009

Octet Rule Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share e- in order to get a full set of 8 valence e- Useful for determining the type of ions likely to form Elements on the right side of the periodic table tend to gain e-; forming negative ions Elements on the left side of the periodic table tend to lose e- and form positive ions Why do elements on the right side gain e – and elements on the left side lose e-?

Family 1A Alkali metals Easily lose a valence e- and form a ion with a +1 charge Soft enough to cut with a knife Highly reactive – too reactive to be found free in nature; good conductors of heat and electricity  Example: NaCl in salt water

Family 1A - Lithium Lightest alkali metal Found in water, soil, and rocks Least reactive of alkali metals Compounds of lithium found in batteries and dehumidifiers Used to strengthen glass and treat bipolar disorders

Hydrogen Placed in 1A because it has 1 valence e- H shares many properties with nonmetals and metals Highly reactive ciencetechnologynature /worldaroundus/akalime tals.html ciencetechnologynature /worldaroundus/akalime tals.html

Group 2A – Alkaline Earth Metals Form compounds with oxygen called “oxides” Shiny solids that are harder than alkali metals Lose 2 valence e- to form ions with a 2+ charge

Calcium Found widely in nature- rocks, coral reefs Needed to maintain healthy teeth and bones Decomposition of calcium carbonate forms lime – used to manufacture steel, paper, and glass.

Magnesium Abundant Can be formed into any shape Alloys are strong and lightweight

Group 3A – The Boron Family Found in nature combined with other elements B, Al, Ga lose 3 e- to form ions with a +3 charge Thallium loses only the p valence e- to form ions with a 1+ charge

Boron Borax comes from California’s Mojave Desert Cleaning agent and fireproof insulation Boric acid used as disinfectant and eyewash Boron nitride – 2 nd hardest known material Super abrasives

Aluminum Most abundant metal in earth’s crust Recycling aluminum is energy efficient compared to extracting it from its ore Widely used – alum in antiperspirants and aluminum oxide in many gems

Group 4A – The Carbon Group

Carbon Can form many different compounds Diamonds are hard, graphite is soft – allotrope C atoms in graphite share e- with other C atoms to form layers that slide C atoms share e- with other C atoms in diamonds to form a 3-D solid

Silicon Computer chips and solar cells Can be found in quartz crystal, sand, and glass

Family 5A – The Nitrogen Group

Nitrogen Abundant in the atmosphere Proteins contain N Bacteria in soil convert N from the atmosphere to nitrogen compounds that are easier to use by organisms Ammonia – colorless gas, irritating odor

Phosphorus Phosphate compounds can be found in cheese, laxatives, baking powders, flame- retardant fabric, grease remover in cleaning products Essential for plant growth (fertilizers) – can be harmful to the environment

Bismuth A compound of Bismuth is an active ingredient in a remedy for nausea and diarrhea

Group 6A – The Oxygen Group

Oxygen 6 valence e-; tend to gain two e- to form ions with a 2- charge; can also share 2e- Ozone - unstable gas Most abundant element in Earth’s crust Forms compounds with every element except He, Ne, and Ar

Sulfur Used to make acids to be used in fertilizers, steel, paper, and paints Hydrogen sulfide used as an energy source in the ocean Hydrogen sulfide released from volcanoes Tarnish silver

Selenium Supplements Found in eggs, fish, and grains. Works with vitamin E to prevent cell damage Used in solar cells - converts light into electricity Locoweed – toxic levels to grazing animals copiers

Group 7A – The Halogens

Fluorine Form compounds with almost all metals Form ions with a 1- charge Added to toothpaste and drinking water to protect tooth enamel from decay Nonstick coating for cookware

Chlorine Highly reactive Deadly gas Compounds of chlorine are used as bleaching agents, stain removal Cl compounds are used by dentists and hydrochloric acid is used to digest food, rust removal, plastic production

Iodine Body needs iodine to maintain a healthy thyroid gland Seafood and iodized salt are excellent sources of iodine Kills bacteria – used by campers to disinfect water

Group 8A – Noble Gases

Helium odorless and unreactive Stable Sun Lightest noble gas Used in blimps, airships, and balloons

Neon Light displays High-voltage electricity passes through the neon gas stored in a gas discharge tube, e- in the atoms become excited E- return to a lower energy state and emit bright light