English 9 Mr. Rinka - Lesson #35 Verb Tense Consistency Active & Passive Voice Poetry Analysis
Verb Tense Consistency When writing, you should avoid changing verb tense needlessly. Tom picked up the trash and throws it away. (Wrong) Tom picked up the trash and threw it away. (Correct)
Verb Tense Consistency The girl closes her eyes, and she fell asleep. (Wrong) The girl closes her eyes, and she falls asleep. (Correct) The girl closed her eyes, and she fell asleep. (Correct)
Verb Tense Consistency Sometimes you need to change tense to show the order of events in time. He regretted that he chose to lie to his friend. (Poor) He regretted that he had chosen to lie to his friend. (Better)
Verb Tense Exercises http://www.towson.edu/ows/exercisetenseconsistency2.htm http://www.towson.edu/ows/exercisetenseconsistency3.htm
Active & Passive Voice Active Voice = Expresses action done by the subject. Passive Voice = Expresses action done to the subject The teacher taught us. (Active) We were taught by the teacher. (Passive)
Active & Passive Voice Verbs in passive voice are always in verb phrases. (form of “be” + past participle form) Anton Chekhov wrote “The Bet”. (Active) “The Bet” was written by Anton Chekhov. (Passive)
Conjugating Verbs Principle parts of the Verb Play In the Passive Voice Base Form Present participle Past Past Participle teach (is) teaching taught (have) taught
Present Tense-Passive Singular I am taught you are taught he/she is taught Plural we are taught you are taught they are taught
Past Tense-Passive Singular I was taught you were taught he/she was taught Plural we were taught you were taught they were taught
Future Tense-Passive Singular I will be taught you will be taught he/she will be taught Plural we will be taught you will be taught they will be taught
Present Perfect Tense-Passive Singular I have been taught you have been taught he/she has been taught Plural we have been taught you have been taught they have been taught
Past Perfect Tense-Passive Singular I had been taught you had been taught he/she had been taught Plural we had been taught you had been taught they had been taught
Future Perfect Tense- Passive Singular I will have been taught You will have been taught he/she will have been taught Plural we will have been taught you will have been taught they will have been taught
Use of Passive Voice You should avoid using the passive voice except in certain situations. The book was read by our class. (Passive and awkward) Our class read the book. (Active and better)
Passive Voice in Certain Situations. Use passive voice when you do not know who is performing a certain action. The barn was made of wood. The alarm was pulled.
Passive Voice in Certain Situations. Use passive voice when you do not want to reveal who is performing the action. Rumors were spread throughout the school. The man was described as tall.
Passive Voice in Certain Situations Use passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver of the action. My mother was presented a special award. I was given a promotion.
Active or Passive Voice The coach gave Steve the game ball Steve was given the game ball. The fire alarm was accidentally setoff. Joe accidentally setoff the fire alarm.
Active or Passive Voice The coach gave Steve the game ball Steve was given the game ball. The fire alarm was accidentally setoff. Joe accidentally setoff the fire alarm.
Active/Passive Voice Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/active-passive.html http://www.quia.com/cb/205468.html
Two Poems Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost All That is Gold Does Not Glitter JRR Tolkien
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Nature's first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf's a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay.
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Nature's first green is gold, A Her hardest hue to hold. A Her early leaf's a flower; B But only so an hour. B Then leaf subsides to leaf. C So Eden sank to grief, C So dawn goes down to day. D Nothing gold can stay. D
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Lyric Poem = Songlike poetry that expresses private emotions or thoughts. Single Stanza Octave = an eight line stanza Mostly Iambic Trimeter
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Na ture's / first green / is gold, Her hard / est hue / to hold. Her ear / ly leaf's /a flower; But on / ly so / an hour. Then leaf / sub sides / to leaf. So E / den sank / to grief, So dawn / goes down / to day. No thing / gold / can stay.
Alliteration The repetition of consonant sound in words that are close to one another. Nature's first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf's a flower; So dawn goes down to day.
Assonance The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together. So Eden sank to grief
Imagery Language that appeals to the senses to create a mental picture. Nature's first green is gold, So dawn goes down to day.
Symbol A person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself. Gold = precious, rare and valuable. Eden = Symbol of the Fall Man.
Metaphor A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things in which one thing becomes another thing without using words such as “like,” “as,” “than,” “resembles.” Nature's first green is gold,
All That is Gold Does Not Glitter JRR Tolkien All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, Deep roots are not reached by the frost. From the ashes a fire shall be woken, A light from the shadows shall spring; Renewed shall be blade that was broken, The crownless again shall be king.
All That is Gold Does Not Glitter JRR Tolkien All that is gold does not glitter, A Not all those who wander are lost; B The old that is strong does not wither, A Deep roots are not reached by the frost. B From the ashes a fire shall be woken, C A light from the shadows shall spring; D Renewed shall be blade that was broken, C The crownless again shall be king. D
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Lyric Poem = Songlike poetry that expresses private emotions or thoughts. Single Stanza Octave = an eight line stanza Combination Iambic & Trochaic Tetrameter
All That is Gold Does Not Glitter JRR Tolkien All that / is gold / does not / glit ter, Not all / those who / wan der / are lost; The old / that is / strong does /not wither, Deep roots / are not / reached by / the frost. From the / ash es / a fire / shall be / wo ken, A light / from the / sha dows / shall spring; Re new/ ed shall / be blade / that was / bro ken, The crown / less a /gain shall / be king.
Alliteration The repetition of consonant sound in words that are close to one another. All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; A light from the shadows shall spring; Renewed shall be blade that was broken,
Assonance The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together. Deep roots are not reached by the frost. From the ashes a fire shall be woken
Imagery Language that appeals to the senses to create a mental picture. Not all those who wander are lost. Deep roots are not reached by the frost. A light from the shadows shall spring;
Symbol A person, place, thing, or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself. Gold = Precious, rare and valuable. Roots = Foundational strength Ashes = Death
Comparison/Contrast Comparison: Both are single stanza octaves Both use Gold as main symbol Both are Lyric Poems Both have simple rhyming schemes
Contrast Tone = the feeling a reader gets from reading the poem. Tone of “Nothing Gold Can Stay” is sad while “All that glitters is Not Gold” is hopeful. old
Contrasts Mood = The attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject or a character. Robert Frost uses words that depict a certain negativity.
Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost Nature's first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf's a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay.
Contrasts Mood = The attitude a writer takes toward the reader, a subject or a character. J.R.R. Tolkien uses words that are uplifting.
All That is Gold Does Not Glitter JRR Tolkien All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, Deep roots are not reached by the frost. From the ashes a fire shall be woken, A light from the shadows shall spring; Renewed shall be blade that was broken, The crownless again shall be king.
Meanings Frost’s Poem “Nothing gold Can stay” is all about change and the fact that no matter what the beauty of something is or the pleasure one may find, everything must change and those factors are only temporary.
Meanings For Tolkien in “All that glitters is not gold” there is value beneath the perceptions, and there is hope that something strong, and good and beautiful lies ahead. Instead of change that takes away the beauty, there is hope that beauty will resurface. The theme concerns the cycle of the life and not the linear progression of life.
Active/Passive Voice Exercises http://a4esl.org/q/h/vm/active-passive.html http://www.quia.com/cb/205468.html