Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Selection of High-Strength Stainless Steels Presented at Materials Science & Technology ‘05 Pittsburgh, PA

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Selection of High Strength Stainless Steels Topics: What is a high-strength stainless steel? Introduction to Carpenter’s high-strength stainless steels The Selectaloy ® Method Case Studies The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes.

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. What Is A High-Strength Stainless Steel? UTS > 225 ksi YS > 200 ksi Good Tensile Ductility (aim min 10% Elongation) Good Fracture Toughness ~ 15-5PH Stainless General Corrosion Resistance ~ AISI 304 Good SCC Resistance

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Nominal Compositions of Carpenter Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steels

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.

AerMet Custom 465(H950) Normalized Q&T70 AerMet Custom 455 (H950) Normalized57 Ti 3/2.544 Ti 6/ Q&T T T T T65117 “Damage Tolerance” Comparison Increasing “Damage Tolerance” Stainless Steel Notch Ductile with KIC > 50 Ksi*in 1/2 Notch Ductile with KIC < 50 Ksi*in 1/2 Notch Brittle Materials (Notch Tensile/Tensile < 1.0) Ranking based on KIC and Notch Ductility tests. Fracture Toughness values shown in Ksi*in 1/2

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Custom 465 ® stainless A leading high strength-toughness-corrosion resistant PH stainless steel Premium melted, martensitic, age-hardenable alloy Good fracture toughness ~ 15-5PH General corrosion resistance ~ 304 stainless Good stress corrosion cracking resistance ~ Carpenter 13-8

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Nominal Lower Better Corrosion Resistance U.T.S.

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. History of the Selectaloy® Method Simplify material decisions for design engineers Show multiple properties and their tradeoffs in one graphical representation Compare various industries & applications Competitor evaluations

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Strength Corrosion Resistance Type 409Cb Selectaloy Diagram - Stainless Steels Type 410 Type 304 Type 420 Custom 450 Type Cb-3 Stainless Type 316 Type 430 Custom 455 Type 440C Type 440A Custom 465 Trimrite Selectaloy, 20Cb-3, Custom 450, Custom 455, Custom 465 and TrimRite are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Specific Strength (UTS/density) Fracture Toughenss Selectaloy ® Diagram - Various Alloys Ti AerMet 100 AerMet 310 Custom M Selectaloy, Custom 465 and AerMet are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Case Study - Aerospace Airframe design utilizes AISI 4340, 15-5PH, Carpenter 13-8 Challenge: Increased loads & maintenance costs Requirement: higher strength, good toughness, improved or equivalent corrosion resistance Solution: Custom 465® stainless Advantage:  Weight savings (due to higher strength)  Lower maintenance costs (stainless properties)

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Case Study - Firearms Cylinders utilize AISI 410 stainless Requirement: higher strength, good toughness, improved or equivalent corrosion resistance Solution: Custom 465® stainless Advantages:  Improved performance/capability  6-shot verse 5-shot  Improved strength and toughness

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Case Study - Oil Patch Mud motor shafts utilize alloy steel Challenge: Pitting and Cracking Requirement: higher strength, improved toughness and improved corrosion resistance Solution: Custom 465® stainless Advantage:  minimized downtime/failures (>tripled service life)  lower maintenance costs

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Strength Corrosion Resistance Type 409Cb Selectaloy Diagram - Stainless Steels Type 410 Type 304 Type 420 Custom 450 Type Cb-3 Stainless Type 316 Type 430 Custom 455 Type 440C Type 440A Custom 465 Custom 475 Trimrite Selectaloy, 20Cb-3, Custom 450, Custom 455, Custom 465, Custom 475 and TrimRite are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.

Specific Strength (UTS/density) Fracture Toughenss Selectaloy, Custom 465, Custom 475 and AerMet are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. Selectaloy ® Diagram - Stainless Steels Ti AerMet 100 AerMet 310 Custom 465 Custom M

Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc. Thank you for your interest in stainless steels. More information about Carpenter’s products is available on this website including technical datasheets and articles, Products, and Product Literature. To contact Carpenter, call in the U.S. or refer to the Contact Us page for the location nearest you.