The Skeleton From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

Axial skeleton Skull Vertebral Column Thorax Cranial bones Facial bones Vertebral Column Thorax

Cranial bones Frontal Parietal (2) Occipital Temporal (2) Sphenoid Ethmoid

Frontal Frontal sinus supra-orbital ridge (margin) supra-orbital foramen (or notch) frontal suture (usually only present in fetal skull) coronal suture (between frontal and anterior border of parietals)

Parietal bones sagittal suture lambdoid suture squamous suture

Occipital occipital condyles foramen magnum nuchal lines

Temporal squamous portion external acoustic (auditory) meatus mastoid process styloid process petrous portion zygomatic process

Sphenoid greater and lesser wings pterygoid processes sella turcica sinuses

Ethmoid perpendicular plate crista galli cribriform (horizontal) plate superior and middle concha sinuses

Facial bones Unpaired bones Paired bones Mandible Maxillae Vomer Zygomatic Nasals Lacrimals Palatines Inferior conchae

nasal bones lacrimal bones

Zygomatic bones orbital process temporal process maxillary process

Maxilla & Palatine Bones sinus alveolar ridge (margin) infra-orbital foramen palatine processes

Mandible ramus condyle angle body Coronoid process Alveolar ridge

Facial Bones (continued) Vomer Inferior nasal conchae Sinuses

Hyoid bone

Ribs True Ribs – First 7 pairs (connect to sternum directly) False Ribs – last 5 pairs Floating ribs – the last two false ribs are called floating ribs because they don’t attach in the front at all

Sternum suprasternal (jugular) notch Manubrium sternal angle body xiphoid process clavicular notch

Vertebrae: Lamina Pedicles Centrum spinous process superior and inferior articulating processes vertebral foramen intervertebral foramen

Vertebrae: Continued Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic (12) bifid spinous process transverse foramina C1 = atlas C2 = axis with odontoid process Thoracic (12) downward sharp spinous process articulating facets on centrum and transverse processes for ribs

lumbar (5) Sacral: (5) fused Coccyx: (1-4) fused massive centrum short, wide spinous process Sacral: (5) fused sacral canal auricular surface sacral foramen median sacral crest sacral hiatus sacral promontory apex Coccyx: (1-4) fused

Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle Clavicle - sternal end, acromial end Scapula Spine supraspinatus fossa, infraspinatus fossa acromion process coracoid process vertebral border axillary border glenoid cavity

Bones of the Upper Extremity Humerus Radius Ulna

Humerus Head Neck: surgical/anatomical Greater/ Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Deltoid tuberosity Epicondyles - medial/lateral Trochlea Capitulum Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa

Radius Head Neck Shaft Radial tuberosity Styloid process Ulnar notch

Ulna Olecranon process Trochlear notch Radial notch Coronoid process Styloid process Head

Bones of the Wrist and Hand Carpals - 8 wrist bones Metacarpals - 5 hand bones Phalanges - 14 finger bones

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle (OS COXAE) Consists of three bones: Ilium Ishium Pubis

ILIUM Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch Sacroiliac joint

ISCHIUM Ischial tuberosity Lesser sciatic notch Acetabulum Obturator foramen

PUBIS Pubic symphysis

Male Pelvis / Female Pelvis Larger, heavier Heart -shaped Deep pelvis Tilted forward < 90 degree angle Smaller, lighter More oval Shallow pelvis Flared more >90 degree angle

Bones of the Thigh and Leg Femur Tibia Fibula

FEMUR Head Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Shaft Linea aspera Epicondyles Condyles Intercondylar notch or fossa Patellar surface FEMUR

TIBIA Tibial condyles Tibial tuberosity Medial malleolus Shaft

FIBULA Head Shaft Lateral malleolus

Patella - Kneecap

Bones of the Ankle and Foot Tarsals - 7 ankle bones Talus Calcaneus Metatarsals - 5 foot bones Phalanges - 14 toe bones proximal middle (medial) distal Bones of the Ankle and Foot