China From the First Emperor to Communism

China Basics China is the 4 th largest country on the planet China is the 4 th largest country on the planet Home to 1.3 billion people Home to 1.3 billion people Largest population earth Largest population earth Oldest civilization on earth Oldest civilization on earth The third oldest country The third oldest country Made many major accomplishments Made many major accomplishments Paper making Paper making Primitive printing press Primitive printing press Gunpowder and other weapons like the crossbow Gunpowder and other weapons like the crossbow The compass The compass The noodle The noodle

The First Emperor of China Qin Shi Huangdi was responsible for setting the stage for the modern country of China Qin Shi Huangdi was responsible for setting the stage for the modern country of China Unified China Unified China 7 warring states turned into 1 “peaceful” country 7 warring states turned into 1 “peaceful” country Established Legalism Established Legalism Developed a common language Developed a common language Built the majority of the Great Wall of China Built the majority of the Great Wall of China Needed to protect the northern border of the country Needed to protect the northern border of the country Built an elaborate tomb Built an elaborate tomb Built the terra cotta warriors Built the terra cotta warriors

The First Emperor of China Responsible for using the government style called “Legalism” Responsible for using the government style called “Legalism” The leader is very strong and very strict The leader is very strong and very strict Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven Government controls every element of people’s lives Government controls every element of people’s lives How you live, what you do, how you think, etc How you live, what you do, how you think, etc The people must be loyal and obedient The people must be loyal and obedient Those that don’t conform to this way are gotten rid of Those that don’t conform to this way are gotten rid of Putin a labor or reeducation camp, or sentenced to death Putin a labor or reeducation camp, or sentenced to death

The Dynasties of China After the First Emperor died his ideas were continued by future emperors and “dynasties” After the First Emperor died his ideas were continued by future emperors and “dynasties” Ruling families Ruling families Continued for 2,000 years Continued for 2,000 years From 200 BC to 1911 From 200 BC to 1911 Today we call Legalism a “Totalitarian Dictatorship” Today we call Legalism a “Totalitarian Dictatorship” The Chinese government claims that their country is not a dictatorship… they are communists The Chinese government claims that their country is not a dictatorship… they are communists So… what is communism? So… what is communism?

The Idea of Communism Communism is an economic system, not a form of government!! Communism is an economic system, not a form of government!! Why do we think of it as a government? Why do we think of it as a government? Many dictatorships use communism for their economy Many dictatorships use communism for their economy Cuba and Fidel Castro Cuba and Fidel Castro Russia and Joseph Stalin Russia and Joseph Stalin North Korea and Kim Jong Il North Korea and Kim Jong Il China and Hu Jintao China and Hu Jintao

The Idea of Communism Karl Marx created the idea of communism Karl Marx created the idea of communism Believes the “Proletariat” would rise up against the wealthy dictators or emperors of a country Believes the “Proletariat” would rise up against the wealthy dictators or emperors of a country The average and poor working people The average and poor working people Believes proletariat would take power and create a country where everyone is equal in terms of wealth Believes proletariat would take power and create a country where everyone is equal in terms of wealth Redistribute the wealth of a country Redistribute the wealth of a country Take from the rich and divide it evenly among everyone Take from the rich and divide it evenly among everyone BUT… the unfortunate reality is that equality for all cannot happen completely BUT… the unfortunate reality is that equality for all cannot happen completely Every country must have leaders Every country must have leaders More wealth and power than everyone else More wealth and power than everyone else

The Last Dynasty is Overthrown In 1911 the last Chinese Emperor is overthrown In 1911 the last Chinese Emperor is overthrown Overthrow by the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party Overthrow by the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party A democracy is established A democracy is established Dr. Sun Yatsen becomes first president of China Dr. Sun Yatsen becomes first president of China Dies after 14 years in charge Dies after 14 years in charge Replaced by Chiang Kai- shek Replaced by Chiang Kai- shek Promised to continue democracy and rights for all Chinese people, but he never followed through Promised to continue democracy and rights for all Chinese people, but he never followed through The proletariat become very upset and move to revolt The proletariat become very upset and move to revolt Mao Zedong is the leader of the upset Proletariat Mao Zedong is the leader of the upset Proletariat

Mao Zedong Teacher who studied the ideas of Karl Marx Teacher who studied the ideas of Karl Marx Believed strongly in communism Believed strongly in communism Believed a proletariat revolution was possible Believed a proletariat revolution was possible Mao went to the countryside Mao went to the countryside Promote communism and revolution among the average people Promote communism and revolution among the average people A violent civil war began between the Communists and Nationalists A violent civil war began between the Communists and Nationalists Mao Zedong versus Chiang Kai- shek Mao Zedong versus Chiang Kai- shek Most communists were killed Most communists were killed Mao and the remaining communists were forced to head 6,000 miles to northwestern China Mao and the remaining communists were forced to head 6,000 miles to northwestern China Called the “Long March” Called the “Long March”

China During WW II Japan invaded China Japan invaded China Nationalists and Communists reluctantly set aside their differences in order to fight Japan Nationalists and Communists reluctantly set aside their differences in order to fight Japan More people started to look to Mao for leadership More people started to look to Mao for leadership Communism gains major support by the people Communism gains major support by the people After the war Mao and the communists gain all political power in China After the war Mao and the communists gain all political power in China The people believe this is a major victory for China The people believe this is a major victory for China

Communism in China Mao Zedong Mao Zedong Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) First communist leader in China First communist leader in China Came to power in China after WWII in 1949 Came to power in China after WWII in 1949 Blended the unique ideas of Karl Marx and the First Emperor Blended the unique ideas of Karl Marx and the First Emperor China became a country where the people are equal, but there is also a dictator China became a country where the people are equal, but there is also a dictator Marx’s idea of equality for the people Marx’s idea of equality for the people Qin Shi Huangdi’s idea that there is a dictator with total control over the people’s lives Qin Shi Huangdi’s idea that there is a dictator with total control over the people’s lives

How Mao’s Communism worked Fear and violence was used in the beginning Fear and violence was used in the beginning Scare people into following you Scare people into following you Just like the First Emperor Just like the First Emperor “Propaganda” “Propaganda” Make people believe everyone is happy and equal Make people believe everyone is happy and equal Government controls the TV., radio, newspaper, books, schools, etc. Government controls the TV., radio, newspaper, books, schools, etc. Government claims they “Serve the people” Government claims they “Serve the people” Just like the First Emperor Just like the First Emperor Stressed loyalty and service to China Stressed loyalty and service to China “You” as a person do not matter, but “we” as China do “You” as a person do not matter, but “we” as China do The group (China) is more important than the individual The group (China) is more important than the individual

How Mao’s Communism worked Propaganda Continued Propaganda Continued Hero of the Day Posters Hero of the Day Posters Average workers or children who do something for the country are rewarded by having a poster of them put up in their village Average workers or children who do something for the country are rewarded by having a poster of them put up in their village People feel good about what they are doing for China People feel good about what they are doing for China Makes people believe the government is good and that they care for the people Makes people believe the government is good and that they care for the people

Mao’s “Little Red Book” The ultimate propaganda device used by Mao The ultimate propaganda device used by Mao Famous quotations and rules written by Chairman Mao Famous quotations and rules written by Chairman Mao Every day certain passages were read Every day certain passages were read Before work or school Before work or school After several generations, people believed Mao knew everything and that he really cared about them After several generations, people believed Mao knew everything and that he really cared about them Mao now controlled the most important thing… What people thought Mao now controlled the most important thing… What people thought First Emperor did this by burning all writings First Emperor did this by burning all writings

Communism and the People Everyone is “equal” Everyone is “equal” No social classes No social classes No private property No private property Equal access to things like Education, Healthcare, Housing, and Jobs Equal access to things like Education, Healthcare, Housing, and Jobs No personal rewards to work hard No personal rewards to work hard Everyone is paid the same no matter what they do Everyone is paid the same no matter what they do

One- child- per- family policy Government says you can only have one child Government says you can only have one child Why does the government do this? Why does the government do this? Population control- Limits what they need to give the people Population control- Limits what they need to give the people What if you do have more than one child? What if you do have more than one child? Three options Three options Abortion Abortion Started by government at the beginning of policy Started by government at the beginning of policy Pay a fine for each child over one Pay a fine for each child over one Very Expensive and very few people can do this Very Expensive and very few people can do this Adoption Adoption Most popular method Most popular method Daughters are usually given up Daughters are usually given up