China and The Communist Revolution. The End of the Dynasties Dynasties are similar to a monarchy. During the last dynasty the population of China tripled,

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Presentation transcript:

China and The Communist Revolution

The End of the Dynasties Dynasties are similar to a monarchy. During the last dynasty the population of China tripled, leading to shortages, famines, and wars. When the people’s needs were not being met by the government, the people began to work together and rebelled against their government.

The End of the Dynasties Many western educated Chinese wanted a more modern China with a democratic government. Sun Yat-sen (or Sun Yixian) led the nationalist movement to overthrow dynastic rule and establish the Republic of China. As the Nationalist Party (Koumintang) struggled with the new republic, other political powers began including the Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse Tong).

The Nationalist Party - The Nationalist Republic of China was led by Jiang Jieshi after the death of Sun Yet-sen. They improved transportation, provided a better education to more people, and encouraged industry. - However, peasants and workers lives were not improved…

Civil War The Nationalist Party and the Communist Party had many clashes over the years. In 1933 Mao Zedong led his followers, over 600,000 people, over 6,000 miles into the mountains to avoid capture by the nationalist. This is called The Long March.

WWII Japan invaded China and attempted to colonize the people. The civil war between the communists and nationalist was put on hold. Chinese Nationalists and Communists worked together to defend China from the Japanese. When WWII was over the civil war began again.

Communism in China -In 1949 the Communist Party wins the civil war and Mao declares China a communist state called The People’s Republic of China.

Chairman Mao -Chiang Kai-shek (or Jiang Jieshi) and the Nationalist Party flee to the island of Taiwan and establish The Republic of China.

The Great Leap Forward All people worked either in factories or in the fields. Little human capital was dedicated to factories so they were not very productive. Collective Farms became huge communes—25,000 peasants living together! Poor production, droughts, and floods caused one of the worst famines in history. In two years 20 million people starved to death.

Terraced Farming – Rice Paddies

The Cultural Revolution - To maintain control Chairman Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to remove opposition to the Communist Party.

The Cultural Revolution - The Cultural Revolution punished people who spoke against communism or the government. - The Red Guard supported his efforts. - Western influence was destroyed (literature, music, etc.) - Artist were forced to create propaganda supporting communism.

Cultural Revolution -During the years of the Cultural Revolution the economy weakened and the government was unable to perform their duties such as health care and education. -Many Chinese called for reform. -Mao Zedong died in 1976 and the Cultural Revolution ended.

Human Rights Deng Xiaoping took power in Opens up diplomatic relations with the west. Continues repression of human rights. President Nixon and Chairman Mao had a historic meeting in The U.S. had not met with China since 1949.