New England Colonies Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Hampshire

Rhode Island 1630’s, Roger Williams troubled puritans in Mass –said land belonged to the Natives –he believed in complete “toleration” –believed in separation of church and state –Williams fled from Mass. In the middle of winter and lived with the Natives Land purchase from Indians Started town of Providence 1644, he was given a charter for the colony of RI

Rhode Island first to allow complete religious freedom –Attracted Jews and Quakers (neither allowed to attend college or public services in England) –Many new skilled workers and business men settle in town of Newport

Connecticut Led by Thomas Hooker in He and 100 settlers went down Conn. River and settled the town of Hartford. He was so religious that he was the judge of the Roger Williams trial to kick him out Given charter in 1662 They wrote the Fundamental Orders of Conn. (similar to the Mass. Gov’t)

New Hampshire Coastal area north of MA was claimed by MA Bay Co. in In 1679, the King took it from them and made it a Royal colony. Meanwhile, Maine would be part of MA until it is made into a separate state in 1830 (part of Missouri Compromise)

New England Confederation In 1643, MA and Conn. Joined together (MA Bay, Plymouth, Hartford and New Haven) to protect themselves from the Natives, French and the Dutch. RI and ME outposts were ignored— considered too radical

King Charles II, begins to pay more attention and is not pleased 1662, he gave RI a new charter 1684, the MA Bay charter was revoked 1691 MA made a royal colony soldiers and royal authorities sent –church upset by unruly behaviors –town meetings outlawed –MA loses cherished independence

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New Netherland becomes New York NN based on Henry Hudson’s explorations Began in 1624 Dutch settlers had moderate prosperity –Smuggling big—Gave chance to trade with English –Didn’t care who leader was as long as they made $ Leaders were very harsh and had no patience with ideas of toleration –Peter Stuyvesant, the last leader of NN, was forced to surrender to the English which had claimed it in 1664 –Charles II gave it to his brother the Duke of York.

Pennsylvania Settled by religious group called Quakers or Society of Friends Had strong views that disagreed with England leadership and churches –Believed in inner life –Did not believe in any show of excessive pride –Did not believe in wars for possession –Would not pay taxes –Would not sign contracts (word was good enough) –Would become the first to abolish slavery in the new world

Colony charter (proprietorship) King James owed quaker, Wm Penn money. Gave him land in exchange for cash in 1681 Penn, wrote the Frame of Government for the colony –Included a “bi-cameral gov’t” (elected advisory council and an elected assembly to make laws) –Allowed complete religious freedom –Insisted Indians be treated fairly, and he paid Indians for land

Three waves to Pennsylvania 1—Quakers that settled in Philadelphia 2—Pietists (Germans) a generic name for groups like the Amish 3—Scotch Irish—English and Scotch Presbyterians that were from Ireland

New Jersey Started in A proprietorship, granted by the Duke of York Quickly gained occupancy by New Englanders that had exhausted their soil. In separate deals in 1674 and 1702, E and W NJ were sold to Quakers. 1702, The crown combined them and made NJ a royal colony

Delaware Primarily part of Penn. Granted its own assembly in 1703, but stayed under the governance of Penn until the Revolution