UNIT 10: Road to the Civil War

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Presentation transcript:

UNIT 10: Road to the Civil War America expands from Sea to shining Sea Southerners want SLAVERY to be allowed everywhere; Northerners want slavery to stay in the South The Big Question: Will the new land be open to SLAVERY?

SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES Most POPULAR SOLUTION: Popular Sovereignty: Letting states choose for themselves whether or not they will be SLAVE or FREE

NORTH v. SOUTH: 15 Free States = 15 Slave States California ready for statehood: 49er’s are free white men. South wants a Fugitive Slave Law to make sure runaway slaves are returned to the SOUTH

Henry Clay: Compromise of 1850= Northern Advantage CALIFORNIA = FREE STATE Popular Sovereignty In Utah and New Mexico South gets a FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

SLAVERY WAS DISAPPEARING ABOLITIONISM WAS GROWING IN THE NORTH ABOLITIONISM WAS GROWING

Meanwhile Southern states become more dependent on slaves Slaves created the enormous wealth that made the South prosper

KING COTTON: Cotton production boomed and dominated the farming of the South. Slavery was a closely defended PECULIAR INSTITUTION

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriett Beecher Stowe writes a book about the cruelties of slavery The Book is wildly popular (over 2 million copies sold) Southerner believe the NORTH IS OUT TO GET THEM!

SOUTHERNERS LOVE THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT! WHY? RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS Kansas and Nebraska open to Popular Sovereignty (potential slave states Repeals the Missouri Compromise (no slaves north of 36 30’) Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 RESULT: BLEEDING KANSAS WAR between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers

“Bleeding Kansas” KANSAS ERUPTS INTO A MINI-CIVIL WAR PRO-SLAVERY settlers try to populate the state and make it a slave state ABOLITIONIST settlers try to stop them FIGHTING goes on for years at both sides refuse to surrender

Violence in the Senate Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) South Carolina Congressman beat Senator Charles Sumner in the Senate chamber with a cane after Sumner insulted Southerners

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 -SLAVE THAT LIVED IN FREE TERRITORY -SUED TO BE FREE -SUPREME COURT REJECTS HIS CASE 1. HE IS NOT A CITIZEN AND CANNOT SUE 2. SLAVES ARE PROPERTY AND CAN BE TAKEN ANYWHERE

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859 Brown a radical abolitionist He plans to rob the arsenal at Harpers Ferry to start a slave revolution He FAILS and is hanged Southerners believe NORTHERNERS support BROWN!

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Abraham Lincoln is the CANDIDATE He is NOT AN ABOLITIONIST HE DOES NOT WANT SLAVERY IN THE NEW TERRITORIES ABRAHAM LINCOLN PROMISES THE SOUTH HE WILL NOT TOUCH SLAVERY WHERE IT ALREADY EXISTS

WHENEVER ONE POLITICAL PARTY SPLITS IT IS EASIER FOR THE OTHER TO WIN ELECTION OF 1860 ABRAHAM LINCOLN: REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATIC PART SPLIT!! Northern Democrats Southern Democrats WHENEVER ONE POLITICAL PARTY SPLITS IT IS EASIER FOR THE OTHER TO WIN

LINCOLN WINS November 1860 Lincoln wins with less than 50% of the vote He does not get inaugurated until March of 1861 Southern States vowed to leave the Union if Lincoln were elected They do!!!!!!!!!

Lincoln’s election (Nov 1860) Causes the Southern states To SECEDE (LEAVE) the UNION

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861