What are the perspectives for solar energy? What are the successful business models and stimulus? H. Serhan Süzer October 29, 2013 GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES FOR SOLAR POWER

Content ENERGY DEMAND - CHALLENGES World Population at its peak, still increasing Energy Consumption increasing at an increasing rate Energy Consumption per Capita ENERGY SUPPLY - SOLUTIONS What are the major differences between Fossil Fuels and Renewable Energy? Solar Power Baseload Issue Case Study: Desertec Solar Resources in EUMENA Wind Resources in EUMENA Examples from 4 Countries: Germany, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Solar Power could power the Entire World Energy Vision for All Countries

World Population at its peak, still increasing Figure 1. World Population, based primarily Angus Maddison estimates, interpolated where necessary.

Energy Consumption increasing at an increasing rate Figure 2. World Energy Consumption by Source, Based on Vaclav Smil estimates from Energy Transitions: History, Requirements and Prospects together with BP Statistical Data for 1965 and subsequent

Energy Consumption mostly Fossil Fuels Figure 3. Per capita world energy consumption, calculated by dividing world energy consumption shown in Figure 1 by population estimates, based on Angus Maddison data.

IMPORTANT QUESTION: What are the major differences between Fossil Fuels and Renewable Energy? Democracy, Peace, Carbon Footprint

Solar Power 1. PV (Photovoltaic) a) Utility Scale I. Crystalline II. Thin Film b) Distributed Generation (mostly Crystalline)

Solar Power 2. Solar Thermal a) Water Heaters b) CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) I. Utility Scale (for power generation) I. Parabolic Trough II. Tower III. Linear Fresnel IV. Stirling Dish II. Hybrid Systems III. Micro CSP i. Cooling & Heating ii. Steam Use 3. CPV (Concentrating Photovoltaic)

Baseload to be provided by Solar Power 1. Heat Storage 2. Power Storage Baseload to be provided by Other Renewables 1. Biomass/Biofuel 2. Geothermal 3. Hydro BASELOAD ISSUE

CASE STUDY: DESERTEC DESERTEC is a project supported by a foundation of the same name and the consortium Dii (Desertec industrial initiative) created in Germany as a limited liability company (Gmbh).The project aims at creating a global renewable energy plan based on the concept of harnessing sustainable power from sites where renewable sources of energy are more abundant and transferring it through high-voltage direct current transmission to consumption centers. Europe and MENA both need a secure, affordable and clean supply of electricity. All countries benefit from access to affordable renewable energy, the creation of new industries and reduced cost of decarbonization. The Desertec Project shows that the MENA region would be able to meet its needs for power with renewable energy, while exporting its excess power to create an export industry with an annual volume of more than €60 billion. Meanwhile, by importing desert power, Europe could save around €30/MWh.

SOLAR RESOURCES IN EUMENA Figure 4 shows the availability of excellent solar resources in MENA. Prime sites can be found everywhere in the region, from the High Atlas and Tell Atlas in the Maghreb to the Asir Mountains in Saudi Arabia. Figure 4: Solar resources in the EUMENA region

WIND RESOURCES IN EUMENA Less widely known, but no less important, MENA also has favorable wind conditions, as depicted in Figure 5. Exceptional wind potentials can be found, for example, on Morocco’s Atlantic coast and the Red Sea. Furthermore, the entire continent, stretching between these two coasts, hosts attractive sites for wind power generation Figure 5: Wind resources in the EUMENA region

VISIONARY COUNTRY: GERMANY Responsibly managed Germany's phase-out of nuclear power will lead to a new reliance on renewable energy. Germany needs 3,800 kilometers by 2022 in new power lines in order to prepare for the country's planned nuclear phase-out, the country's main grid operators announced last year. Amid criticism that her energy revolution has stalled, Chancellor Angela Merkel has called for faster grid expansion which will cost about €20 billion over the next 10 years. The percentage of solar, wind, hydro and biomass energy in the country is expected to increase by 35 percent by 2020, as the country prepares for the phase-out of nuclear energy announced by Chancellor Angela Merkel after the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe last year. Germany currently has an installed capacity of more than 35 GW of Solar Power.

Source: Wikipedia. The red squares represent the area that would be enough for solar power plants to produce a quantity of electricity consumed by the world today, in Europe (EU-25) and Germany (De). (Data provided by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), 2005 SOLAR ENERGY COULD POWER THE ENTIRE WORLD

TURKEY – Economic Consequences of Energy Importation Current account deficit National expenditure > Domestic production

TURKEY – Renewable Energy Law December 2012: New regulations and legislations on renewable energy production June 2013: License applications collected for the first 600 MW solar power plant. The limit for unlicensed electricity production increased from 500 kW to 1MW Regulation for unlicensed projects published in October 2013.

TURKEY – Potential Installed capacity of less than 15 MW, Second highest solar irradiation in Europe after Spain than Germany, Solar Energy potential of 380 billion kWh/year, Total Installed Capacity of 60 GW.

Energy Vision for All Countries 1. %100 Renewable Energy 2. Utilizing fossil fuels as «Raw Materials» 3. Energy Efficiency, 4. City Planning and changing the arcitectural design of housing, 6. Solar Electric Vehicles to be utilized, 7. Everything can be utilized within the natural cycle and could be sustainable (excess heat), 8. Micro Grid Systems (Distributed Generation) and Inter Grid Lines 9. Full Support for all the R&D Efforts from public and private sectors.

Pura Vida! H. Serhan Süzer Honorary Consul of Costa Rica Member of Greenpeace Founder of Turkish Foodbank Association Süzer Group’s 3rd Generation Executive CEO of Eko Renewable Energy Inc. Personal Blog: serhansuzer.com