Archetypes ”. . . the work of art strikes some very deep chord!” Joseph Campbell The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology Jennifer A. Bennett Sanderson High School Raleigh, North Carolina

Archetypes Universal symbols that transcend boundaries of culture, race, gender, time and geography Part of humanity’s collective unconscious Carl Jung Swiss psychologist Student of Sigmund Freud Joseph Campbell Author and anthropologist Considered the leading expert on myth and archetypes Examples include certain images, colors, numbers, character types, and motifs

Best Practicioners Disney Advertisers and marketers Anyone involved in storyline creation or graphical design for stories required to read Joseph Campbell Advertisers and marketers http://smallbusiness.chron.com/use-archetypes-advertising-38626.html

Sun as Archetype Sun (fire and sky) creative energy consciousness father principle passage of time and life

Sun as Archetype Rising sun Setting sun Birth Creation Enlightenment Death

More Setting Suns and Death The Last Pale Light In The West Ben Nichols In my hands, I hold the ashes In my veins, black pitch runs In my chest, a fire catches In my way, a setting sun Dark clouds gather 'round me To the west, my soul is bound And I will go on ahead, free There's a light yet to be found The last pale light in the west The last pale light in the west (The Governor’s theme song) The Walking Dead Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school, where children strove At recess, in the ring; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun. Or rather, he passed us . . . Emily Dickinson

Water as Archetype Purification and redemption Mysteries of creation Sea mother of all life timelessness; eternity River birth—death—resurrection cycle (baptism) transitional phases of the life cycles

Color as Archetype: White Positive aspects: Light, Goodness, Purity, Innocence; Timelessness; Eternity

Color as Archetype: White Negative aspects: Death Terror Emptiness Blinding truth of an inscrutable mystery

Color as Archetype: Green Positive Growth Hope Fertility

Color as Archetype: Green Negative Decay Death

Color as Archetype: Blue Highly positive; associated with truth religious feeling security spiritual purity

Color as Archetype: Blue And who could forget Linus’s security blanket?

Color as Archetype: Black Darkness—associated with Chaos Mystery Death The Unknown The Unconscious What other messages do colors convey in this image?

Color as Archetype: Black What significance does color add to this image? How about this one? Compare and contrast the two.

Color as Archetype: Red Associated with Blood, Sacrifice, Violent passion, Disorder

Archetypal Color Combinations What do these images have in common? What do they communicate? How about now?

Archetypal Color Combinations What do these images have in common? What significance do they carry re: the context of the stories they represent?

Archetypal Color Combinations Analyze the archetypal colors in this image. What significance do they have within their literary context?

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Revelation 6 I watched as the Lamb opened the first of the seven seals. Then I heard one of the four living creatures say in a voice like thunder, “Come!” 2 I looked, and there before me was a white horse! Its rider held a bow, and he was given a crown, and he rode out as a conqueror bent on conquest. 3 When the Lamb opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature say, “Come!” 4 Then another horse came out, a fiery red one. Its rider was given power to take peace from the earth and to make people kill each other. To him was given a large sword. 5 When the Lamb opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, “Come!” I looked, and there before me was a black horse! Its rider was holding a pair of scales in his hand. . . . 7 When the Lamb opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature say, “Come!” 8 I looked, and there before me was a pale horse! Its rider was named Death, and Hades was following close behind him. They were given power over a fourth of the earth to kill by sword, famine and plague, and by the wild beasts of the earth.

Circle as Archetype Circle (sphere): wholeness, unity No beginning or end Egg (oval): the mystery of life and forces of generation

Circle as Archetype: Wheel Wheel: symbol of fortune, fate

Circle as Archetype: Wheel Wheel in the Sky Spinning Wheels

Circle as Archetype: Yang-Yin Yang-Yin: a Chinese symbol; represents the union of opposite forces (Jungian theory of anima and animus) Yang: masculine principle; light; activity; the conscious mind Yin: female principle; darkness; passivity; the unconscious mind

Circles and Colors

The Garden Paradise Innocence Unspoiled beauty Fertility

The Serpent Evil Corruption Sensuality Destruction The Unconscious

The Tree Life Consistence and growth Proliferation Immortality— generation and regeneration

The Tree of Souls, Avatar The Archetypal Tree The Tree of Souls, Avatar The Tree of Life (what kind of life?)

The Family Tree

The Desert Emptiness Spiritual aridity (dryness) Hopelessness (wasteland)

“Desert Places” by Robert Frost Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast In a field I looked into going past, And the ground almost covered smooth in snow, But a few weeds and stubble showing last. The woods around it have it – it is theirs. All animals are smothered in their lairs. I am too absent-spirited to count; The loneliness includes me unawares. And lonely as it is, that loneliness Will be more lonely ere it will be less – A blanker whiteness of benighted snow With no expression, nothing to express. They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars - on stars where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home To scare myself with my own desert places.

Analysis What do the archetypes in these images communicate?

Numbers as Archetypes: 3 Spiritual awareness and unity Light Male principle Examples: Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) Spiritual rebirth (water, blood, spirit) Father Time (past, present, future) Beginning, middle, end Three Pillars of Eternity the Creation, the Fall, the Atonement The Three Pillars of Eternity by Bruce R. McConkie http://speeches.byu.edu/?act=viewitem&id=598

Numbers as Archetypes: 4 Associated with circle, earth, nature Four corners/four directions (North/East/South/West) Four elements (earth, air, fire, water) Life cycle Four seasons—spring, summer, fall, winter Humankind Four limbs Female principle Mother Earth (Gaia) Mother Nature

Numbers as Archetypes: 7 Most potent of all symbolic numbers Union of 3 (divinity/heaven) & 4 (mankind/earth) Relationship between God and man Revelation, chapters 1, 4, 5 Completion of a cycle; perfect order Seven days in a week Seven days to create the world Seven stages of civilization Seven stages of man "The average age of the world's greatest civilizations from the beginning of history has been about 200 years. During those 200 years, those nations always progressed through the following sequence: 1. From bondage to spiritual faith; 2. From spiritual faith to great courage; 3. From courage to liberty; 4. From liberty to abundance; 5. From abundance to complacency; 6. From complacency to apathy; 7. From apathy to dependence; From dependence back into bondage“ Source: http://replytoj001.hubpages.com/hub/Stages-of- Source: http://westernfrontamerica.com/2008/10/17/stages-civilization-usa/

The Seven Stages of Man JAQUES All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth.

The Seven Stages of Man And then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. As You Like It, William Shakespeare

Numbers as Archetypes: 7 More examples: Seven Deadly Sins Seven colors in the rainbow Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit Seven seas Seven Sacraments of the Catholic Church Seven Horcruxes

More Analysis What do the archetypes in these images communicate?

Female Archetypes The Good Mother The Terrible Mother The Soul Mate The above two represent the duality of the Earth Mother— like Mother Nature The Soul Mate

The Good Mother Positive qualities of the Earth Mother Associated with life principle Represents birth, warmth, nourishment Represents protection and abundance

The Good Mother

The Terrible Mother Negative qualities of the Earth Mother Femme fatale Witch, sorceress, siren, harlot, seductress Associated with fear, sensuality, danger, darkness, emasculation, death Generate examples!

The Terrible Mother Expected, right?

The Terrible Mother

The Terrible Mother?

Definitely!

The Soul Mate Sophia figure—associated with spiritual wisdom and purity Princess or “beautiful lady” Holy mother Incarnation of inspiration and spiritual fulfillment Jungian anima (completion)

The Soul Mate: Examples Wizard of Oz— Glenda the Good Witch Pinnochio— the Blue Fairy The Fifth Element— the Diva (blue woman) Galadriel

The Wise Old Man Savior, redeemer, guru figure Personification of the spiritual principle Represents knowledge, reflection, insight, wisdom, cleverness and intuition Also represents moral qualities such as goodwill, readiness to help, honesty & truth, loyalty, The sagacious and helpful old man Examples: Obiwan Kenobi, Yoda, Merlin, Gandalf, Mr. Miyagi, Splinter, Rafiki, Teiresius, Dumbledore

The Hero Archetypes Archetypes of Transformation Redemption The Hero’s Initiation The Hero’s Quest The Sacrificial Scapegoat

Hero’s Initiation Initiation from ignorance and immaturity to social and spiritual maturity (rite of passage) Three-fold process: Separation—the hero literally separates (is removed from) his community/environment Transformation—the majority of the plot where the hero grows in maturity, preparing him for the Return—the hero literally goes back to his community, now spiritually and emotionally mature and able to contribute positively to society

Examples of Hero Initiation The Lion King

Examples of Hero Initiation Huck Finn Ebeneezer Scrooge The Prodigal Son Finding Nemo—both Nemo and Marlin

Examples of Hero Initiation Shrek Ironman Thor

The Sacrificial Scapegoat The hero upon whom the welfare of the tribe or nation relies Must die— to atone for the people’s sins to restore the land to fruitfulness Examples: Jesus Aslan

The Sacrificial Scapegoat William Wallace (Braveheart)

The Sacrificial Scapegoat Maximus Harry Potter

The Sacrificial Scapegoat Gandalf Sommersby

The Sacrificial Scapegoat Harry Stamper (Armageddon)

The Hero’s Quest Undertakes a long journey Has an important goal to achieve Must perform impossible tasks and overcome insurmountable obstacles Is often a savior/ deliverer figure—he saves the day

Other Archetypal Motifs Creation Myth—a story both necessary and credible which articulates into a significant whole all the disparate and discrete experiences of life; a fundamental and unifying force in life; does not necessarily refer to falsehood) Genesis Gilgamesh Native American myths Immortality Battle of Good vs. Evil