EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS NAVEDTRA 43904-1C 106 EMBARKATION FUNDAMENTALS

Embarkation Fundamentals References: COMFIRSTNCDINST 3100.1, Movement Control Center MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations

Embarkation Fundamentals AMC Pamphlet 36-101, Vol. 1, AMC Affiliation Program Equipment Preparation Course JP4-01.3 Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Movement

Embarkation Fundamentals PQS Question 106.1 Explain the operations of the battalion Movement Control Center. (MCC) Reference: COMFIRSTNCDINST 3100.1, Movement Control Center

MCC Operations The Movement Control Center controls, coordinates, and monitors the movement of all personnel, supplies, and equipment to the embarkation staging area

Embarkation Fundamentals PQS Question 106.2 Who is responsible for the operation of the battalion MCC? Reference: COMFIRSTNCDINST 3100.1, Movement Control Center

MCC The XO is responsible of the operations in MCC MCC controls, coordinates, and monitors the movement of all personnel, supplies, and equipment to an embarkation staging area.

Embarkation Fundamentals PQS Question 106.3 State the purpose and the function of Unit Movement Control Center (UMCC). Reference: JP4-01.3 Joint Tactics, Techniques and Procedures for Movement

UMCC A temporary organization activated by major subordinate commands and subordinate units during deployment: Ensures units are prepared for embarkation and coordinate movement of forces. Direct unit marshalling. Coordinate movement assets. Identify and coordinate with the next higher MCC for additional support requirements beyond organizational capabilities. Deconflict competing movement requirements within the organization.

Embarkation Fundamentals PQS Question 106.4 Describe the duties and responsibilities of the following key Embark personnel. Embark Officer Embark Chief Embark LPO Reference: COMFIRSTNCDINST 3100.1

EMBARK Embark Officer – An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading. Embark Chief – Has lead in movement ops that are in direct support of their COCOM and supports movement ops manager when supporting other COCOM’s Embark LPO - Assist the movement ops manager or the NCR embark Chief Petty Officer in all movement ops.

COUNTER BALANCE PQS Question 106.5 Explain the procedures to calculate the center of balance on CESE. Reference: AMP PAM 36-101, Vol 1

CENTER BALANCE WEIGH ALL AXLES (COMBINED WEIGHT OF AXLE), ESTABLISH A RDL (REFERENCE DATUM LINE) AT THE FRONT AXLE, MEASURE DISTANCE FROM RDL TO ALL AXLES (TO CENTER OF DUAL AXLES), COMPUTE MOMENTS FOR ALL AXLES OR COMBINED AXLES, DIVIDE TOTAL MOMENTS BY TOTAL WEIGHT TO DETERMINE CB. EXAMPLE: WEIGHT x DISTANCE = MOMENT (A 2 ½ TON TRUCK WITH TRAILER) FRONT AXLE: 5,750 LBS x 0” = 0 REAR AXLE: 7,894 LBS x 154” = 1,215,676 TRI-AXLE: 2,668 LBS x 336” = 896,448   TOTAL: 16,312 LBS 2,112,124 2,112,124 DIVIDED BY 16,312 = 129.4 = 129 (ROUND TO NEAREST WHOLE INCH) THE CB FOR THE COMBINED LOAD IS 129 INCHES AFT OF THE FRONT AXLE.

SHORING PQS Question 106.6 Explain the four types of shoring used during embarkation operations. * Sleeper * Rolling * Parking * Approaching Reference: AMP PAM 36-101, Vol 1

SHORING Sleeper – Use sleeper shoring under the frame or axles of vehicles that weigh over 20,000 pounds are are equipped with soft, low pressure, balloon-type, off road tires. Sleeper – prevents vehicle from bouncing up and down

SHORING Rolling – Use rolling shoring to protect the aircraft parking ramp, and the cargo floor and loading ramps of cargo airplanes from damage when transporting a vehicle across it.

SHORING Parking – Use parking to protect the aircraft floor or ramps from contact such as blades, buckets, fork-lift tines, steel wheels, trailer tongue support.

SHORING Approaching – Use approach shoring to decrease the approach angle of aircraft loading ramps. This is because some items of cargo will strike the aircraft or ground due to loading/offloading operations.

CONVOYS PQS Question 106.7 Describe the movement formations and techniques of a convoy. Reference: MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations

CONVOYS Three Divisions March Column Composed of entire convoy Convoy Commander in charge Serial Column Limited to 20 vehicles Unit Column Limited to 10 vehicles or less

CONVOYS Road Routes Green relatively safe from hostile activity Yellow subject to limited activity Red hostile activity is imminent

CONVOYS Rules of the Road 30 mph on open road 100 ft interval between vehicles Speed determined by slowest vehicle in convoy

CONVOYS PQS Question 106.8 Identify and explain the elements of a convoy organization. Reference: MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations

ESSENTIAL CONVOY POSITIONS Convoy Commander initiates, issues and enforces march orders supervises movement Serial Commander In charge of 20 vehicles Supervises serial Answers to Convoy Commander

ESSENTIAL CONVOY POSITIONS Advance Officer Precedes the column Recons the route and selects alternate routes Notifies proper authorities Post traffic control personnel Trail Officer Post warning flags prevent interference enforce convoy discipline collects traffic control personnel

ESSENTIAL CONVOY POSITIONS Unit Commander Responsible for 10 units of CESE Maintenance Officer Rides at rear of convoy Responsible for CESE maintenance

OTHER CONVOY POSITIONS Vehicle Commander Usually a Petty Officer in charge of all vehicles carrying troops Pace Setter Usually a Petty Officer stationed in lead vehicle. Guides Personnel posted at critical intersections when on non-tactical convoys Escorts Military Police or other personnel for a non-tactical movement During tactical movements, the escorts may be armed guards, armed aircraft, infantry, armored units, or other units as required to protect or accompany the convoy.

CONVOYS PQS Question 106.9 Identify planning requirements for vehicle convoys. Reference: MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations

CONVOY * The first step in a safe convoy is careful and thorough planning. To begin planning a convoy, a few key pieces of information are needed. Among these are: Time the event host needs the vehicles to arrive. Number of vehicles expected for convoy. Size (weight, height, width) of largest vehicle expected. Cruising speeds of the various vehicles. Un-refueled range of the various vehicles.

CONVOYS PQS Question 106.10 Describe vehicle convoy logistics and security requirements. Reference: MCRP 4-11.3H, Convoy Tactical Operations

CONVOY Vehicle Configuration a. Hardening Vehicles. Use Kevlar blankets, armor plating, ballistic glass, and other protective devices (i.e., sand bags). (1) Makes certain vehicle components less vulnerable. (2) Significantly protects occupants from injury or death in the case of attack. b. Camouflage and Concealment. (1) Camouflage or cover shiny surfaces. (2) Paint vehicles in a pattern to blend in with the terrain and break the outline. (3) Train operators to look for other means of concealment to break the outline of the vehicle. (4) Don’t run lights during a daytime convoy as this can easily identify you as US forces. (5) Tape over running lights and front lights to reduce profile.

CONVOY Convoy Communication a. Primary means of communication with movement control, air support, and within the convoy is by radio. Radios must be secure-capable communications means. b. There are three types of communications to be considered: (1) Vehicle internal. (2) Vehicle to vehicle. (3) External to convoy. c. Alternate communications techniques within the convoy (e.g., hand signals, pyrotechnics, vehicle signals, etc.). Techniques must be covered by the CC during the convoy briefing and rehearsals. d. Strive to have a minimum of two GPS navigation and messaging systems within each convoy. e. CC and ACC must know theater-level convoy channel to coordinate with

CONVOY battalion-level command posts that monitor and can assist with QRF. They must also know the emergency frequencies for MEDEVAC and air support along the route and brief this information to the drivers. Most USAF aircraft are not single-channel ground and airborne radio system (SINCGARS) capable, with the exception of Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) and some special operations aircraft. Ensure CSE team is briefed on routes and hostile contacts.