Exploration and Expansion Why did the Europeans embark upon voyages of discovery in the 1400’s and 1500’s? How did Europeans establish colonies in the lands they discovered? How did the creation of colonies in the Americas affect trade patterns and the economic systems of Europe? How and why did Europeans establish a slave trade between Africa and the Americas and what were the lasting effects of this trade?

Caravel A light fast sailing ship New Technology- rudder and lateen sails

Henry the Navigator Prince of Portugal that sponsored voyages of discovery

Vasco Da Gama Sailed for Portugal around the southern tip of Africa to India in 1497

Christopher Columbus Attempted to sail West in order to reach China 1492 reached the Caribbean

Ferdinand Magellan Set out in 1519 to sail around the world

Circumnavigate To sail completely around the world

Sir Francis Drake Sailed for England on a voyage of Exploration around South America to the West Coast of America

Henry Hudson Sailed for England looking for a Northwest passage around the Americas

Quiz Caravel Henry the Navigator Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Circumnavigate Sir Francis Drake Henry Hudson What were the foundations upon which the Age of Exploration was built? What discoveries were made by explorers from Portugal and Spain? What drove explorers from the rest of Europe?

Encomienda Spanish system of colonization of the Caribbean

Hernan Cortes Led expedition to Mexico that ended with the conquest of the Aztec Empire

Conquistador Spanish military leader that fought against the Native American people

Moctezuma II Aztec Emperor at the time of the Spanish arrival in America

Francisco Pizarro Led Spanish expedition to Peru and conquered the Incas

Atahualpa Leader of the Incas Captured and killed by Pizarro

Viceroys Spanish officials selected by the king that control large estates in America

Bartolome de Las Casas Wanted to protect the Native American from harsh treatment. Suggested using African laborers instead of Native Americans

Treaty of Tordesillas Drew an imaginary line through the Atlantic Everything East belonged to Portugal Everything West belonged to Spain

Quiz Encomienda Hernan Cortes Conquistador Moctezuma Fransisco Pizarro Atahualpa Viceroys Bartolome de las Casas Treaty of Tordesillas How did Spain build an empire in the Americas? What kind of colony did the Portuguese establish in Brazil? What was life like in the French, Dutch and English colonies in the Americas?

Columbian Exchange Global transfer of culture and changes in society between colonists and natives

Mercantilism Economic system where a nation’s power was measured in wealth/wealth was measured by gold

Balance of Trade Exports greater than Imports Difference is in Gold

Subsidies Grants of money to help business

Capitalism Economic activities are carried out by private individuals and organizations

Joint-Stock Companies Investors buy shares of stock in a company in hopes they would receive a share of the profit.