2O10 IN PICTURES PART 1 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2010 THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS WAVE AFTER WAVE OF NATURAL DISASTERS THAT KILLED OVER 260,000 AND CAUSED DIRECT ECONOMIC LOSSES OF AT LEAST $222 BILLION

2010 El Nino, La Nina, Droughts, Winter Storms, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods, Volcanic Eruptions, Severe Windstorms, Tsunamis, Landslides, Droughts, and Winter Storms

2010 … And the Impacts of a Record Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico (DIRECT ECONOMIC LOSSES ESTIMATED AT $50 BILLION) and Global Climate Change (Unknown loses)

IMPACTED NATIONS Caribbean Nations, China, Haiti, Chile, Indonesia, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Turkey, …

IMPACTED NATIONS (continued) … Madeira (Portugal), USA (California, North Dakota, Minnesota, Mid-Atlantic States), Brazil, Peru, Russia, Mexico, Iceland (Europe,---), Taiwan

IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Indonesia, Taiwan, Iceland, Europe (Poland, Germany, Hungary, Czech Republic), USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida), …

IMPACTED NATIONS (continued Pakistan, USA (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, California, Atlantic Seaboard, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois), Bolivia, Israel, …

IMPACTED NATIONS USA (North Carolina, New England states, Texas), Mexico, New Zealand, Guatemala, Pakistan, …

DROUGHTS

IN 2009, DROUGHT CONDITIONS WERE EXCERBATED BY EL NIÑO El Niño caused warming of the Pacific Ocean, which in turn caused Atlantic and Caribbean waters to be cooler.

CARIBBEAN NATIONS FACED CONTINUATION OF DROUGHT CONDITIONS DURING 2010 DROUGHT ATTRIBUTED TO CONTINIATION OF 2009’S EL NIÑO CONDITIONS

SAINT LUCIA BARBADOS SAINT VINCENT and the GRENADINES GRENADA ANTIGUA and BARBUDA JAMAICIA GUYANA TRINIDAD and TOBAGO CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES EXPRIENCING DROUGHT IN 2010

DROUGHT IN KUNMING, CHINA: 2010

EUROPE: WINTER Starting in December and continuing into January 2010, the northern half of EUROPE experienced its coldest winter since 1981–1982.

A persistent weather pattern brought cold moist air from the north with systems undergoing cyclogenesis from North American storms moving across the Atlantic Ocean.

COMPARISON OF 2010 WITH AVERAGE

Winter 2009 – 2010 in Europe led to a number of deaths, widespread transport disruption, power failures, and the postponement of a number of civic and sporting events.

USA: BLIZZARD 2010 AND NOR’EASTER Record snowfall exceeding 1 m in some locations and high winds reaching 80 km/hr impacted 25 Mid-Atlantic States FEBRUARY 5-11, 2010

The blizzard occurred in two phases less than two months after a Dec. 19, 2009 storm dumped more than 40 cm of snow on the Washington, DC area.

WEATHER SYSTEM OVER MID- ATLANTIC STATES: FEB 5-6, 2010

NOR’EASTER: FEBRUARY 5, 2010

WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D.C.: FEB 10, 2010

Impacts: Government offices closed, airports closed, universities and schools closed, interstate highways closed, metro service reduced or closed down, power outages.

EARTHQUAKES HAITI CHILE TURKEY INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

M7.0 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES HAITI A CATASTROPHE IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE’S POOREST NATION 4:53 p.m.; JANUARY 12, 2010

THE DEADLIEST DISASTERS OF 2010 OCCURRED ON JANUARY 12TH M7.0 Haiti Earthquake that killed 230,000, largely because of the inadequacy of the building code, left over 1 million homeless and jobless survivors stuck in tent cities battling a hurricane (Tomas), cholera outbreak, and health-care problems for the rest of the year.

THE M7.0 HAITI EARTHQUAKE: JAN 12

PORT AU PRINCE: 1.8 MILLION IN A NATION OF 9 MILLION

EXAMPLE OF DAMAGE: PORT AU PRINCE

PORT: TOPPLED CONTAINERS

COLLAPSE OF UN BUILDING; PORT AU PRINCE

DEATH TOLL REACHED AN ESTIMATED 230,OOO+

LANDSLIDES MACHU PICCHU SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

RAIN AND MUDSLIDES IN MACHU PICCHU 2,500 TOURISTS STRANDED JANUARY 28, 2010

MACHU PICCHU

MUDFLOWS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: FEB 6, 2010 THE INTERSECTION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN FIRST WINTER STORM OF 2010 AND BURNED OUT AREAS FROM WILDFIRES OF 2009 INCREASED RISK

FACT: MUDSLIDES INCREASE AFTER WILDFIRES

WILDFIRE- BURN AREAS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO MUDFLOWS

M8.8 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CENTRAL CHILE: 3:34 am on February 27, 2010 Subduction Zone M8.8 Quake 500 Times More Energy than the M7.0 Haiti Quake 800+ Deaths; 500+ Injured Numerous Aftershocks Tsunami Waves Travel Across Pacific Estimated Loss: $30 Billion

LOCATION: 330 KM (200 MI) FROM SANTIAGO

LOCATION: 100 KM FROM CONCEPCION; 330 KM FROM SANTIAGO

DAMAGED BUILDING IN CONCEPCION

CONCEPCION: URGENT MASS CARE NEEDS

CONCEPCION: LOOTERS

CONCEPCION: ELEVATED HIGHWAY COLLAPSED

LOCAL TSUNAMI DAMAGE

NO DISASTERS AS TSUNAMI WAVES MOVED ACROSS PACIFIC

LANDSLIDES MADEIRA (PORTUGAL) BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO) TAIWAN

MUDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY FLASH FLOODS DEVASTATE THE MADEIRA ISLANDS, PORTUGAL AT LEAST 42 DEAD FEBRUARY 20-21, 2010

LOCATION OF MADEIRA

FEBRUARY 21: FLASH FLOOD

FEBRUARY 21:MUDSLIDE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

SEVERE WINDSTORMS XYNTHIA FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010

XYNTHIA: FLOODING IN FRANCE

M6.1 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES EASTERN TURKEY AT 4:32 AM THREE VILLAGES DESTROYED ALONG WITH MANY FARM ANIMALS AT LEAST 57 DEAD MARCH 8, 2010

NORTH AND EAST ANATOLIAN FAULTS

OKCULAR: POOR CONSTRUCTION

EARTHQUAKES INDONESIA CHINA TAIWAN

M7.7 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES INDONESIA NEAR EPICENTER OF 2004 QUAKE SUBDUCTION ZONE OF SUNDA AND INDO-AUSTRALIA PLATES 5:15 AM, APRIL 7, 2010

LOCATION

TOWN OF SINABANG (60 KM FROM EPICENTER)

2O10 IN PICTURES PART 2 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

SURVIVORS FACED HARSH TEMPERATURES

FLOODS RUSSIA (SIBERIA) NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA, BRAZIL EUROPE PAKISTAN

FLOODS IN RUSSIA MARCH 2010 SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS ACROSS RUSSIA

THE THREE GREAT SIBERIAN RIVERS THAT FLOODED

FLOODING IN SIBERIA

FLOODING IN KAZAKHSTAN

FLOODING SOUTH OF KAZAKHSTAN

NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND MINNESOTA EXPERIENCE MAJOR FLOODING MARCH 28-30, 2009

REASONS FOR FLOODING MARCH-APRIL, 2010 THE ANNUAL FLOODING THREAT TO FARGO, ND AND MOORHEAD, MN IS TRIGGERED BY:  1) The Spring melt and runoff, AFTER  2) A severe Winter.

1.Synchrony of river discharge with Spring runoff 2.Ice jams

3.Lake Agassiz, a glacial lake, is the floodplain of the Red River 4.A sharp decrease in river gradient makes the Fargo- Moorhead area act like a large lake.

2010: MELT AND RUNOFF

THE “SLOW” WAY OF MAKING SANDBAGS

THE “SPIDER” CAN MAKE 5,000 SANDBAGS PER HOUR

HALSTAD, MN: 4 FT BELOW 2009’S RECORD OF 40.5 FT

FARGO, ND: THE RED RIVER CRESTS 4 FT BELOW RECORD ON MARCH 21

REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS TO EMBARK ON A 10-YEAR, $1.3 BILLION FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT A 60 KM (36-MILE) – LONG NEW RIVER CHANNEL IS EXPECTED TO SOLVE THE RECURRING THREAT

FLOODS AND MUDSLIDES PARALYZE BRAZIL WORST IN 50 YEARS APRIL 7, 2010

RIO DE JANEIRO

SEARCH AND RESCUE

LANDSLIDE IN TAIWAN EXACERBATED BY M6.5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010

LOCATION

LANDSLIDE

OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS GULF OF MEXICO

“GREAT GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL OF 2010” COASTS OF LOUISANA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, AND FLORIDA WERE IMPACTED BY A 5 MILLION BARREL OIL LEAK THAT CAUSED A HUGE ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER APRIL 22- AUGUST ???, 2010

OIL RIG EXPLODED IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

DEEP WATERR HORIZON IN GULF OF MEXICO: APRIL 22

DEEP WATER HORIZON: APRIL 22

NASA PHOTO OF OIL SPILL IN GULF OF MEXICO

INITIAL OIL SHEEN ON WATER

OIL REACHES CHANDELEUR SOUND: APRIL 30

CLEAN UP SHIPS AT ANCHOR DUE TO WIND & WAVES: MAY 1

OIL DOME ENROUTE TO SITE OF LEAK: MAY 6

PLACING AN OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM: MAY 29

BOOM CONTAINS SPREAD OF OIL: MAY 29

BOOM PROTECTING A SMALL ISLAND

WIND & WAVES REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS OF BOOMS

FISHERMEN OUT OF WORK: PERMANENTLY ???

LA BATRE, AL: ALL FISHING SHUT DOWN

“A WHALE” ARRIVES IN GULF OF MEXICO: JULY 2

2010 THE YEAR OF “RECORD AND NEAR-RECORD” NATURAL DISASTERS

FLOODS (Continued) EUROPE CHINA PAKISTAN CHINA

FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

DAMAGED BUILDINGS

FLOODED STREETS

EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLING FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

RESCUE WORKERS

SEARCH AND RESCUE

RIVERS BURST BANKS AND BREACH DAMS IN CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER WEEKS OF RAIN POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH REPUBLIC, … MAY – JUNE, 2010

POLAND AND VISTULA RIVER

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ICELAND INDONESIA

Eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland MARCH APRIL 14, 2010

The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in Southern Iceland

The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano

The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano: Lava and Lightning

ASH CLOUD FROM APRIL 14 ERUPTION

A dark and spectacular volcanic cloud spread over Britain and toward continental Europe on Thursday, April 15, forcing airlines to cancel thousands of flights as it drifted at high altitude south and east from the continuing eruption in Iceland.

Steam and Ash Cloud: April 17

Glacier and the Ash Cloud: April 18

A week of airspace closures caused by the ash threat to planes created the worst breakdown in civil aviation in Europe since World War II, which caused more than 100,000 flights to be canceled and losses of over $2 billion to the airline industry.

2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS (Continued) Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones

A diminished El Nino created more favorable conditions for an increase in Atlantic basin severe windstorms during 2010, as compared with 2009.

HURRICANES IN EASTERN PACIFIC AGATHA BLAS CELIA DARBY FRANK …

TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION MAY 27-29, 2010

AGATHA’S PATH

TORRENTIAL RAINS

SINKHOLE: GUATEMALA CITY

ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Alex (H) June 21 Bonnie July 27 Colin Aug 3 Danielle (H) Aug 21 Earl (H) Aug.29 Fiona Aug 30

ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Gaston Sept 1 Hermine Sept 6 Igor (H) Sept 8 Julia (H) Sept 12 Karl (H) Sept 14 Lisa (H) Sept 20 Matthew Sept 24

ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Nicole Sept 29 Otto (H) Oct 6 Paula (H) OCT 11 Richard (H) Oct 21

ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Shary (H) Oct 27 Tomas (H) Oct 29 Virginie (Never formed) Walter (Never formed)

ALEX STARTED AS A TROPICAL WAVE IN THE CARIBBEAN: JUNE 20

TROPICAL STORM ALEX: LANDFALL AT BELIZE; JUNE 26

TYPHOON CHANTHU (Category 1) July 17-23, 2010

TYPHOON CHANTHU: A CAT 1 STORM

TROPICAL STORM COLIN: FORMS ON WED, AUGUST 3

25/08/2010S.MORA144

25/08/2010S.MORA145

WILDFIRES SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RUSSIA BOLIVIA ISRAEL

WILFIRES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: LEONA VALLEY AND KERN COUNTY JULY 27 – AUGUST ?, 2010

LEONA VALLEY, CA

DC-10 DROPPING FLAME RETARDANT: PALMDALE CA

FIREFIGHTERS: KERN COUNTY WILDFIRE

RUSSIAN PRESIDENT DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY FOR WILDFIRES 600 WILDFIRES IN 7 REGIONS RELATED TO PROLONGED HEAT WAVE JULY 29 – AUGUST ?, 2010

242,000 BATTLE WILDFIRES

NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY FLASH FLOODS AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS JULY 28 - AUGUST 2, 2010

Summer floods are common in Pakistan as a result of monsoon rains that swell rivers and streams across the country, but 2010’s floods were the worst in 80 years and set new records.

DERA ISMAIL KHAN: INUNDATED

MUZAFFARABAD: RISING FLOOD WATERS

THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED

NOWSHERA: DAMAGED MUD HOUSE

COLLAPSED HOUSE

TRYING TO DIVERT WATER

SOME LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED

PESHAWAR: MELONS BECAME PRECIOUS

CLINGING TO DEBRIS

NOWSHERA: SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

SEEKING A SAFE HAVEN

CHARSADDA: TRYING TO EVACUATE

EVACUATION: CARRYING SELECTED POSSESSIONS

NOWSHERA: EVACUATION

NOWSHERA: EVACUATION TO A SAFE HAVEN

EVACUATION: A DIFFICULT TASK

MUZAFFARABAD: INADEQUATE TEMPORARY SHELTER

30,000 Pakistani troops rescued 28,000 people using helicopters and other means, and distributed water and food.

NOWSHERA: PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER

FLOODS (Continued) CHINA

FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN ZHONQU COUNTY, CHINA Over 700 dead, hundreds injured, and over 1,000 missing Midnight - Saturday, August 7, 2010

MUDSLIDE: ZHONGU, CHINA

DAMAGED BUILDINGS

FLOODED STREETS

EXPLOSIONS RELEASED THE BLOCKED BAILONG RIVER

PRIME MINISTER WEN JIABAO CALLING FOR ACTION: AUG 8TH

RESCUE WORKERS

SEARCH AND RESCUE

WILDFIRES IN BOLIVA AUGUST , 2010

PRESIDENT EVO MORALES DECLARES STATE OF EMERGENCY

2O10 IN PICTURES PART 3 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA