Singapore: Tackling Future Mobility demand Waqas Cheema LKY Centre for Innovative cities Singapore university of technology and design A comprehensive review of how Singapore developed into one of the best transport network Insights into direction of future planning Introduction to a research area for collaboration

This will form both first and last slide This will form both first and last slide. First, to give exciting overview to hook public. And last to conclude the vision.

The Journey For the first 30 years, road and public transport systems managed separately In 1995, Land Transport Authority as one major governing body The White Paper (1996) identified 4 key strategies: Integrating transport and land use planning Expanding the road network and maximizing its capacity Managing demand for road usage Providing quality public transport choices

‘..convinced that Singapore is well placed to create a world class system’ (Hasegawa et al, 1997) – Independent International Audit Panel

Road Development Over last 19 years, road network has been expanded by about 16% Unlike London, New York, Tokyo which can expand housing in suburbs, Singapore has restricted land area of which 14% is given to housing

Road Development 1995 to 2010, rate of total vehicle population growth outstripped growth of road development Vehicle growth - 3% p.a. Road growth - 1% p.a. Vehicles to Road length ratio

Road Management Maximize Capacity Regulate Vehicle Use

Intelligent Transport Systems i-transport EMAS GLIDE J-Eyes TrafficScan MyTransport.sg

i-Transport System Integrated and unified platform that centralizes the management of all Intelligent Transport Systems 24/7 ITS operating centre Includes: Traffic signal control Traffic monitoring Incident management Provision of real-time traffic advisory information Add picture

Expressway Monitoring and Advisory System (EMAS) Intelligent incident management tool that manages traffic along Expressways Detects accidents, vehicle breakdowns and other incidents promptly, ensuring fast response to restore normal traffic flow Recovery crew arrives within 15 minutes Provides real-time information of travelling time from the entry point of Expressway to selected exits Add picture

Green Link Determining (GLIDE) System Controls all traffic signals in Singapore Wire sensors beneath the road surface of junctions to sense the presence of vehicles Adjust ‘green time’ in response to changing traffic flow Also, links adjacent traffic signals to allow vehicles to travel from one junction to another with minimal stops Add picture

Traffic Scan system & Junction-eyes (J-Eyes) TrafficScan - provides updated travel information on roads to motorists Taxis equipped with GPS give information on their locations and speeds as they ply along roads J-Eyes - system of surveillance cameras at strategic signalized junctions for traffic conditions monitoring purposes Add picture

MyTransport.sg App empowering commuters, motorists and cyclists to make informed decisions and better plan their journeys Features include: Public transport journey planner Search nearby bus stops and arrival times Search nearby taxi stands and book taxis Report road defects via crowdsourcing Get real-time parking lots availability Traffic news Explore cycling towns, routes, and parking facilities Add picture

Regulate Vehicle Use Congestion pricing In 1999, Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system to charge vehicles in central zone

Regulate Vehicle Use Demand management Previously, mechanisms such as import fee worth 130%, and an excise tax of 20% In 1990, Government cut the growth of car population from 6% to 3% a year. And further to 1.5% in 2009, 1% in 2012, and 0.5% 2013 onwards Vehicle Quota System - prospective car owners to bid for Certificate of Entitlement (COE)

Number of Cars / 100 persons

Average Speed of vehicles on roads Although Vehicle population grown in these years, Average speed stays constant. Thanks to ITS measures, infrastructural developments, and demand management tactics

Taxi network 18000 taxis carrying around 1 million passengers a day Liberalized market with few operators Quality of Service Standards by the government Highest number of taxis per million population among Hong Kong, London, and New York

At one of the lowest fares

Bus Network By 1990s, two multi-modal Public Transport Operators – ComfortDelgro, the parent of SBS Transit, and SMRT Corporation In 2008, Land Transport Authority (LTA) took the role of centralised bus planner Today, buses dominant public transport mode – over 3.6 million journeys per day

Population – Buses Ratio Buses capacity increasing in comparison to population growth

One of the highest in comparison

At one of the lowest fares

Rail Network Realized in 1972 that buses alone would not be able to cater for all Singapore’s public transport demand Construction began in 1982 First line opened in 1987 Today, 153km of MRT line (tube) and over 2.6 million passengers a day

Strategy – Connect Regional, Sub-Regional, and Central Area

Population – Rail length Ratio

In comparison to other metropolitans

At one of the lowest fares

Recent years & Future

Changing dynamics GDP 28% higher in 2012 as compared to 2008 Expected to grow 3-4% every year over the next 10-15 years Population grew from 4.8 million in 2008 to 5.3 million in 2012 More than 12.5 million journeys today. Expected to reach to 14.3 million by 2020

Areas of focus More Connections 8 in 10 homes to be within 10-min walk to MRT Integrated Hubs to make transfers easily Majorly Public Transport dependent Better Service Ramp up capacity to reduce over crowding Improve reliability and provide information on arrival and journey times Liveable and Inclusive Community Make public transport system barrier free Promote lower emissions and green vehicles

Road Development Already 12% for road as compared to 14% for housing Slower growth of road development in future as limited capacity - prioritization of new roads for bus lanes Innovative methods – Reversible flow on expressway

Aim is to bring modal split to 75% by 2030 1997 2004 2008 2013 2030 Dip because of faster growth in private transport as compared to public transport

Bus Network Bus Service Enhancement Program (BSEP) in 2012 Increase fleet by 20% (800 new buses) over 5 years Government to fund 550 of them, rest by operators Decrease waiting time - 4 in 5 bus services run every 10 minutes or less during weekday peak hours, improvement from every 15 minutes in 2008 Other advancements: Bus priority schemes: Mandatory Give-Way on more than 350 bus stops Bus-triggered signal priority system in test-bedding Premium Bus Service scheme - commuters willing to pay higher fare for better service Fast Forward Bus service - fewer stops between long distances Premium Bus Service Scheme The premium bus service scheme caters to commuters who are prepared to pay a higher fare for a higher level of bus service, e.g. a more direct journey with a more comfortable ride and guaranteed seas. Premium bus services can help to bridge the gap between personalized services (cars and taxis) and basic public transport services. A vibrant premium bus service sector will also help to attract more motorists to switch to public transport. To encourage greater market participation and innovation by private bus operators, there will be minimal regulations in bus routes, dates and service frequency for such premium bus services.   Innovative Bus Services LTA will continue to work with the bus operators to introduce innovative basic bus services to provide greater choice to commuters. The Fast Forward bus service is a prime example. Since its inception in 2005, Fast Forward bus services have brought travel time savings of up to 20% to commuters in the morning and evening peak hours by having fewer stops and flexible routing to avoid traffic congestion. The mandatory give-way to buses scheme, implemented at 218 bus bays island-wide since 2008, also enables buses to exit the bays faster, by as much as over 70 percent in some cases, for quicker travel.

Rail Network Between now and 2021, a new train line or extension to open every year – even more between 2020 and 2030 Double rail network from 138km to approximately 280km by around 2020 More trains to existing lines to increase capacity by 110% Upgrade signaling system by 2018 on two major existing lines – 20% increase in capacity Trains will run at 100-second intervals down from 120 seconds today - 6 trains every 10 min instead of current 5

MRT system by 2030

Taxi Network Taxi standards revised in 2013 80-85% of the taxis to be on the road at peak periods by 2015, as compared to 65-70% today 85% of the taxis to achieve daily minimum mileage of 250km as compared to 70% today Innovative private Taxi Apps – Uber, GrabTaxi, EasyTaxi, allowed in the market

Cycling Recent shift towards cycling As of 2012, 6.4km of cycling path in 5 out of 26 residential districts By 2015, 100km of cycling path By 2020, 190km in all of 26 districts Paths will lead to neighboring areas around districts e.g. schools, MRTs, and shopping center Long term vision - Island-wide cycling path of 700km Test-bedding bicycle sharing scheme in one district in 2015

EZ-link card One card for all public transport modes Since 2010, fare calculated based on total distance, irrespective of number or modes of transfers Extension of services to other lifestyle elements such as shopping payments Add picture

Decentralization of Commercial Centers Decentralize commercial and other economic activities through the development of regional, sub-regional and fringe centres at MRT stations Reduce the needs to travel by locating employment centres near to residential areas These ‘Integrated Hubs’ becoming fun and convenient lifestyle places for commuters to embark on their journey, or meet, live, work and play

ITS Vision for 2030 “Moving towards a more connected and interactive land transport community” Smart Urban Mobility of the Future where people and the transportation system are seamlessly connected, interacting through innovative, state-of-the-art ITS technologies

Real-time Information Vision 2030 Real-time Information Smart Agent Interactivity Shared Vehicles Satellite tracking Autonomous Vehicles Green Vehicles

Real-time information of everything Includes: Travel times Crowdedness in buses / trains Arrival times of buses, trains, and taxis Queue lengths at junctions and stations Parking availability Achieved by embedded sensors, satellite trackers, HD cameras, and crowd sourcing Add images

Smart Agent A mobile App or a device able to: Interact with various modes of transport for locating shared vehicles, booking taxis, etc Provide smarter information of journey planning with combination of choices Take care of logistics e.g. making payments

Interactivity V2V Communication between nearby vehicles wirelessly, sharing useful information on surroundings Add images

Interactivity V2I Communication with infrastructure on signals, traffic availability, and road conditions

Shared Vehicles Intelligent vehicle-sharing system - users to locate vehicle on their smart devices and drive to destination without having to return it to its original location Vehicle will subsequently be picked up by another user from the previous location

Shared Vehicles Ride-sharing to provide smarter way of car pooling and maximizing capacity Such smart on-demand vehicle sharing mobility solution can reduce vehicle ownership and congestion drastically

Satellite-based tracking & ERP GNSS technology to provide next generation Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) overcomes the constraints of physical gantries allows more flexible distance-based congestion charging Add images

Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous driving signifies a paradigm shift Driverless buses to provide greater connectivity for the first and last mile travel, mitigate driver shortages and improve productivity Mention Ford semi-autonomous Add images

Autonomous Vehicles Driverless cars to maintain a safe distance from other vehicles and comply with speed limits automatically, hence eliminating human errors Driverless vehicles can move in platoon formation in compact and systematic manner to optimise road capacity Mention Ford semi-autonomous Add images

Green Vehicles 20% of the total carbon emission & 75% of air pollution attributed to motorised traffic Electric powered vehicles and diesel-hybrid systems more energy efficient and less harmful to the environment Add images

Metric for Ideal Future City Objective is to highlight areas each city should focus on developing in order to reach the vision by 2030

Autonomous Vehicles Integrated System seamless integration of multi-modal transportation services; taxis, AVs, shared vehicles, buses and trains 100% penetration of smart card Mass Public Transport Modal split of at least 75% Coverage to every residential and commercial district No over-crowding (high frequency) and reliable information on arrival and journey timings Less fare in comparison to the same journey by private transport Interactivity No boards, traffic signs, and other physical hardware to communicate with drivers. Instead in-vehicle communication Both V2I and V2V communication Telepresence Employees can work from mobile locations, children can attend real-time classroom sessions, and any person can virtually walk through lanes of shopping mall Holographic rather than online Smart Agent Able to interact and integrate with all the transportation modes Provide intelligent information and assistance Shared Vehicles At least 50% of the total non-mass public transport journeys via shared vehicles Autonomous Vehicles At least 50% on road vehicles to be Autonomous Bicycles At least 10% share in the modal split

Waqas Cheema LKY Centre for Innovative cities Singapore university of technology and design waqas_cheema@sutd.edu.sg A comprehensive review of how Singapore developed into one of the best transport network Insights into direction of future planning Introduction to a research area for collaboration