By: Sean Godfrey

 At the time Somalia was crumbling due to civil war, mainly between the drug lords, and widespread famine  Operation Restore Hope was put into place by George H.W. Bush to help reestablish order in Somali (Dec May 1993)  Operation Continue Hope was put into place May 4 th 1993 by Bill Clinton  Somali people were already angry at U.S. forces for a failed attempt at killing Mohamed Farrah Aidid which resulted in 60 dead Somalis

 Part of Operation Gothic Serpent  Mission changed aster 2 Black Hawk helicopters got shot down  October 3 rd & 4 th, 1993  Mogadishu, Somalia

 Somali civilians and militia  Pakistan forces  Malaysia forces  United States:  Delta Force  Army Rangers  Navy Seals  160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment

 Plan to capture the Somali warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid and other high profile targets  Plan was to assault a building by planting Delta force operators on the roof to secure the building while four platoons of Army Rangers surrounded the building  Commanded by Gen. William F. Garrison

 A/MH-6 Little Bird helicopters  MH-60L Black Hawk helicopters  Condor armored personnel carriers  Humvees  M48 Tanks

 The mission was beginning to become delayed when humvees to extract captives from the building arrived late  The mission ultimately changed to a rescue mission once two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down (Super 61 and Super 64)  Michael Durant, pilot of Super 6-4 was taken captive and released after 11 days

 Super 64 was over run by Somali forces  Trapped pilots in Super 61 were saved after an rescue teams arrived late that night and into the early morning hours  Constant raids by Little Bird helicopters protected them through the night

 American  18 killed  73 wounded  Somali  Estimates range from killed  Estimates range from 1,000-3,000 wounded

 United Stated would completely withdraw from Somalia by March 31 st, 1994  Many citizens were frightened and scared by the images they had seen of soldiers bodies being dragged through the streets

 This mission failed because of the two helicopters being shot down by RPG’s  Another possible reason was that during the time of the mission, Somali men would chew Khat, which was believed to make them more willing to fight

 Hostage Crisis in Iran ( )

 November 4 th, 1979 – January 20 th, 1981  Mob of students (called Imam’s disciples) took over U.S. embassy in Iran  Held 66 original hostages for then released 14  Held the remaining 52 hostage for 444 days  Operation Eagle Claw (Jimmy Carter) was a failed attempt at rescuing the hostages

 Yes an No  It did capture the people in the original building  It took longer than expected and turned into a dangerous rescue mission that cause several casualties and deaths  Overall successful but with exceptions

 Yes and No  Somali resistance was expected but not in such large number  Could have always planned ahead for possible blockades

 Todd Blackburn falling 70 feet from a helicopter an being severely injured  The delay of the humvees due to Somali blockades  The helicopters being shot down (this is the most probable cause but the others could have also led to this)

 No it wasn’t, U.S. forces were severely outnumbered and were basically fighting an entire city to saved a couple pilots  It was necessary to attempt because you never leave a fellow soldier behind

 My primary source was an article covering the U.S. involvement in Somalia and Operation Restore Hope  I believe that this gives insight to my topic because it includes quotes from that period of time about my topic

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