“Statistics is the science of gaining information from numerical data.” -- Moore Definitions of Statistics Statistics: “the science of data involving collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information” -- McClave, Dietrich, Sincich
An understanding of variation An awareness of when and how variability affects quality An ability to identify variability that can be controlled A commitment to controlling and reducing variability in a never-ending striving for quality improvement Definition of Statistical Thinking -- Levine, Ramsey, Berenson
Quality, Productivity, and the Competitive Position - Dr. W. Edwards Deming
Quality Productivity Competitive Position +=
The Strategy Use statistics as a means of communication from... The business process we wish to improve for the purpose of … Controlling the process.
The Process Process Inputs Outputs Machines Material Methods People Environment
Control Measure Or Observe CompareInvestigate Improve
Output Control (Reactive) Rework, Downgrade, or Scrap Corrective Action Options Compare to Output Specifications Measure Or Observe
Input Control (Proactive) Measure Or Observe Statistical Evaluation Compare to Expected Variation Improve Inputs
Fill in the Blank: __________ Control Reactive or Proactive?
TQM Total Quality ManagementTotal Quality Management refers to a journey to excellence in which everyone in the organization is focused on continuous process improvement directed toward increased customer satisfaction.
Deming’s 14 Points 1. Create a constancy of purpose toward the improvement of products and services in order to become competitive, stay in business, and provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must learn that it is a new economic age and awaken to the challenge, learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership for change. 3. Stop depending on inspection to achieve quality. Build in quality from the start. 4. Stop awarding contracts on the basis of low bids. 5. Improve continuously and forever the system of production and service to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly reduce costs.
Deming’s 14 Points 1. Create a constancy of purpose toward the improvement of products and services in order to become competitive, stay in business, and provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. Management must learn that it is a new economic age and awaken to the challenge, learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership for change. 3. Stop depending on inspection to achieve quality. Build in quality from the start. 4. Stop awarding contracts on the basis of low bids. 5. Improve continuously and forever the system of production and service to improve quality and productivity, and thus constantly reduce costs.
Deming’s 14 Points 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. The purpose of leadership should be to help people and technology work better. 8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively. 9. Break down barriers between departments so that people can work as a team. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce. They create adversarial relationships. 11. Eliminate quotas and management by objectives. Substitute leadership. 12. Remove barriers that rob employees of their pride of workmanship.
Deming’s 14 Points 6. Institute training on the job. 7. Institute leadership. The purpose of leadership should be to help people and technology work better. 8. Drive out fear so that everyone may work effectively. 9. Break down barriers between departments so that people can work as a team. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets for the workforce. They create adversarial relationships. 11. Eliminate quotas and management by objectives. Substitute leadership. 12. Remove barriers that rob employees of their pride of workmanship.
Deming’s 14 Points 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self- improvement. 14. Make the transformation everyone’s job and put everyone to work on it.
Deming’s 14 Points 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self- improvement. 14. Make the transformation everyone’s job and put everyone to work on it.
The Pareto Principle 80% of the trouble comes from 20% of the causes 80% of the trouble comes from 20% of the causes.
The Basic 7 Tools 1. Process Flowcharts 2. Brainstorming 3. Fishbone Diagram 4. Histogram 5. Trend Charts 6. Scatter Plots 7. Statistical Process Control Charts
The Basic 7 Tools 1. Process Flowcharts 2. Brainstorming 3. Fishbone Diagram 4. Histogram 5. Trend Charts 6. Scatter Plots 7. Statistical Process Control Charts
Process Flowcharts Yes No
Outline of a Fishbone Diagram MachinesMaterial MethodsPeople Environment Output