Solids, Liquids, and Gases 8th Grade Science Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 8th Grade Science

States of Matter Solids, liquids, and gases can be _________, __________, or ___________. _________ - a definite shape and volume Solids will keep their shape in any position and in any container Particles of a solid are packed _________together Particles of a solid ______ slightly – they are in constant motion. Particles stay in the same position - ________ in place elements compounds mixtures Solid Closely vibrate vibrate

Types of Solids _____________ - particles in a regular, repeating pattern. Examples: sugar, salt, and snow. Cyrstalline solids will _____ at a specific temperature. _______________ - particles are not arranged in a particular pattern. Examples: plastics, rubber, and glass. Amorphous Solids will _________ at a specific temperature – they may become softer and softer until they change into other substances. Example: butter. Crystalline solids melt Amorphous solids not melt

Liquids ______ - a definite volume and takes the shape of its container. - particles of a liquid are packed almost as closely as a solid. -particles move around more _____ than in a solid. - no definite _____ but a definite ________. ______ - freely moving particles. Liquids freely shape volume Fluid

Properties of Liquids ____________ - the result of an inward pull among the particles of a liquid that brings the particles on the surface closer together. Water particles pull together and bead up on surfaces or form a skin – water striders walk on water due to surface tension ___________ - a liquids resistance to flowing. Depends on the size and shape of the particles and the attractions between the particles. Liquids with ______ viscosity flow ______ (honey) Surface Tension viscosity high Slowly

Gases ______ - can change volume , particles are spread out and free to move, no definite shape. Particles of gas move in all directions. As gas particles move, they fill the space around them Particles of gas can be squeezed into a container. When the container is open, the particles will move freely and spread out. Gas

Changes Between Solid and Liquid Particles of a liquid have more ________ energy than particles of the same substance in solid form. Particles of the same substance as a gas has even more _________ energy than the liquid or solid form. A substance changes state when its thermal energy either _______ or __________ sufficiently. thermal thermal increases decreases

Melting A change in state from a solid to a liquid involves the ________ in thermal energy. ___________ is the change in state from a solid to a liquid. ___________ - specific temperature at which the melting occurs. At a substances ____________, the particles that are bound together begin to vibrate so rapidly that they break free from their fixed positions. increase Melting Melting point Melting point

Freezing __________ - the change of state from a liquid to a solid. _________ of melting ____________ - the particles begin to move so slowly that they begin to form a regular pattern. Example: water loses energy – water molecules move slowly because they lose energy until freezing is complete Freezing Reverse Freezing Point

Changes between Liquid and Gas ____________ - the change from a liquid to a gas. Particles gain enough _______ to form a gas. ___________ - vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a substance. ________ - vaporization that occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below the surface as well as at the surface of the liquid. Vaporization energy evaporation boiling

Boiling Point / Condensation The __________ of a substance depends on the __________ of the air above. The _______ the pressure, the ___ energy needed for the particles to escape into the air. ___________ - opposite of vaporization. Particles in a ___ lose enough energy to form a _____. Boiling point pressure lower less Condensation Gas liquid

Changes between a Solid and a Gas ____________ - surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Example: dry ice (aka Sublimation