MIDDLE AMERICA II (CHAPTER 4: )

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Presentation transcript:

MIDDLE AMERICA II (CHAPTER 4: 196-221)

Natural Resources

MAQUILADORAS Tijuana Ciudad Juarez Nogales Reynosa Matamoros Chihuahua Monterrey

GDP PER CAPITA ALONG THE US-MEXICAN BORDER

MAQUILADORAS >4,000 maquiladoras >1.2 million employees Initiated in the 1960s as coupon houses Assembly plants that pioneered the migration of industries in the 1970s Today >4,000 maquiladoras >1.2 million employees

MAQUILADORAS Modern industrial plants Assemble imported, duty-free components/raw materials Export the finished products Mostly foreign-owned (U.S., Japan) 80% of goods reexported to U.S. Tariffs limited to value added during assembly

MAQUILADORAS Maquiladora products Electronic equipment Electric appliances Auto parts Clothing Furniture

MAQUILADORAS Mexico gains jobs. ADVANTAGES Mexico gains jobs. Foreign owners benefit from cheaper labor costs. EFFECTS Regional development Development of an international growth corridor between Monterrey and Dallas - Fort Worth

NAFTA Effective 1 January 1994 Established a trade agreement between Mexico, Canada and the US, which: Reduced and regulated trade tariffs, barriers, and quotas between members Standardized finance & service exchanges

NAFTA How has Mexico benefited from NAFTA?

MEXICO AND NAFTA Foremost, it promises a higher standard of living. NAFTA creates more jobs for Mexicans as US companies begin to invest more heavily in the Mexican market. Mexican exporters increase their sales to the US and Canada. Is that the entire story?

U.S. TRADE WITH CANADA & MEXICO Canada remains as the United States’ largest export market. Since 1977, Mexico has moved into second place (displacing Japan). 85% of all Mexican exports now go to the United States. 75% of Mexico’s imports originate in the United States.

Middle & South America’s Vertical Climate Zones ALTITUDINAL ZONATION Middle & South America’s Vertical Climate Zones

ALTITUDINAL ZONATION TIERRA CALIENTE (Hot Land) Middle & South America’s Vertical Climate Zones TIERRA CALIENTE (Hot Land) Bananas, Cocoa, Sugar, Rice 2500’ 750 m Sea Level Sea Level

ALTITUDINAL ZONATION TIERRA TEMPLADA (Temperate Land) Coffee, Rice, Corn, Sugar 6,000’ 1800 m 2000’ 600 m Sea Level Sea Level

ALTITUDINAL ZONATION TIERRA FRIA (Cold Land) Corn, Wheat, Potato 12,000’ 3,600 m 6,000’ 2,000 m 2000’ 600 m Sea Level Sea Level

Middle & South America’s Vertical Climate Zones ALTITUDINAL ZONATION Middle & South America’s Vertical Climate Zones TIERRA HELADA (Frost Land) 12,000’ 3,600 m 6,000’ 2,000 m 2000’ 600 m Sea Level Sea Level

CENTRAL AMERICA

THE REPUBLICS Guatemala Belize Honduras El Salvador Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS Tropical Deforestation 3 million acres of woodland in Central America disappear each year! What are the causes of tropical deforestation? What are the alternatives?

CAUSES OF TROPICAL DEFORESTATION Clearing of rural lands to accommodate meat production and export Rapid logging of tropical woodlands to meet global demands for new housing, paper, and furniture Population explosion: forests are cut to provide crop-raising space and firewood What is the solution?

THE CARIBBEAN BASIN

THE CARIBBEAN BASIN The Greater Antilles The Lesser Antilles Cuba Hispaniola Jamaica Puerto Rico The Lesser Antilles

TOURISM: A MIXED BLESSING? Advantages State and regional economic options A clean industry Educational Disadvantages Disjunctive development Degrades fragile environmental resources Inauthentic representations of native cultures

MIDDLE AMERICA II (CHAPTER 4: 216-235)