1 ASTM International & Committee F37 Developing International Sport Aircraft Standards Welcome

years of developing standards in an open forum for standards development About ASTM International

3 … is to be the foremost developer and provider of consensus standards, related technical information, and services having globally recognized quality and market relevance. ASTM International’s Primary Objective

4 4 The ASTM International Standards Development Process Developing Voluntary, Full-Consensus Standards for Materials, Products, Systems & Services World-Wide through Direct-Member participation ASTM International Has Approximately 12,000 Standards Used Internationally ASTM International Standards Reflect the Most Current Technology Because they are Living Documents that are Continually Revised Over 31,000 Members from 123 Countries Participate on ASTM International Committees; Users from 175 countries

5 All stakeholders involved Neutral forum Consensus-based procedures Private and public sector cooperation EXAMPLES: Aircraft manufacturers Federal agencies Pilot associations Insurance professionals Health professionals Trade associations Financial organizations Academia ASTM International: The Power of Partnership

6 A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys D01 on Paint D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants D20 on Plastics E50 on Environmental Assessment F04 on Medical Devices F15 on Consumer Products F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices F37 on Light Sport Aircraft F38 on Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems F39 on General and Utility Category Aircraft Electrical Wiring Systems 140 Technical Committees

7 Complexity of the job Urgency of needs Time devoted by members Utilization of new informational technologies ASTM’s average standard development time is 13 months – 18 months (newer committees average lesser times) F37 developed 5 standards within 9 months, and a total of 26 standards over 30 months Time Frame for Developing Information

8 Purpose: To support regulatory standards needs Within 20 months [of May 2004] provide increase in safety by defining standards for regulatory reference addressing LSA presently operating without guidance Set world standards for recreational aircraft operations Focus on F37: Purpose

9 Implementation / Phases to Achieve: 1. Standardize minimum safety, performance, and flight proficiency requirements 2. Install standard controls for QA - ensuring aircraft conform to design criteria 3. Support QA with acceptance tests / procedures requiring completed aircraft to meet reported performance 4. Roadmap the future of LSA by developing additional standards that continue to build a safe LSA environment beyond those initially envisioned 5. Maintain currency and relevancy of standards Focus on F37: Management Direction

10 F37 Snapshot 230 Members 26 Published standards; 6 drafts Over 18 countries participating Users and adoptions in dozens of countries F37 Snapshot

11 F37:Non-US Participation

12 ASTM Light Sport Aircraft Standards Compliance Overview Standards Compliance

13 ASTM Standards are available for: Airplane Glider Lighter than Air Powered Parachute Weight Shift Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines Airframe Emergency Parachute Demonstrating Compliance

14 Consensus Standard Topics [See Note 1] AirplanesGliders Gyroplanes [See Note 2] Lighter Than Air Powered ParachutesWeight Shift Control 1Design and Performance F or -06 F F F aF F2317/F2317M-05 2Required Equipment F or -06 F F F aF F Quality Assurance F or -06 F F F F F Production Acceptance Tests F or -06 F F F aF F Aircraft Operating Instructions F or -06 F F F aF F Maintenance and Inspection ProceduresF Identification and Recording of Major Repairs and Major Alterations F Continued Airworthiness F or -06 F F or -06 F bF aF a 9 Manufacturers Assembly Instructions [Kit builders only] F Wing Interface DocumentationN/A F aN/A NOTE 1: Numbered topics are specified by the rule. NOTE 2: Gyroplanes are not eligible for a special light-sport airworthiness certificate. Accepted ASTM Consensus Standards

15 Produce Aircraft Produce Documents Establish Authority Declare Compliance There are four basic steps to be completed for an aircraft to comply with Special Light Sport Aircraft standards.

16 Design, manufacture and test an aircraft meeting the LSA definition using the relevant ASTM standards. STEP 1 – Produce Aircraft

17 Design and Performance Required Equipment Quality Assurance Production Acceptance Aircraft Operating Instructions Maintenance and Inspection Procedures Identification and Recording of Major Repairs and Major Alterations Continued Airworthiness Produce documents and manuals per the relevant ASTM standards covering: STEP 2 – Produce Documents

18 Quality Assurance Administration Satellite manufacturing, assembly, and distribution facilities Safety monitoring and continuing airworthiness support Overhaul and repair facilities Level of certification for line maintenance, repairs, alterations, heavy maintenance, overhaul, major repairs and task-specific work Declarative system requires delegation of authority for certain areas such as: STEP 3 – Establish Authority

19 Present aircraft and documents to aviation authority for a compliance review and an airworthiness inspection. STEP 4 – Declare Compliance

20 Production Testing Flight Structure Design and Construction Integrity of novel or unusual design feature Materials Fabrication Methods Powerplant Required Equipment Design and Performance Compliance Overview

21 Additional requirements for: Glider Towing Minimum Climb Performance Design and Construction Flight Loads Water Loads Design Weights and Center of Gravity Positions Hull and Main Float Load Factors Hull and Main Float Takeoff Conditions Design and Performance Compliance Overview

22 Engine Design and Manufacture Airframe Emergency Parachutes Propellers Canopies Design and Performance Compliance Overview

23 Program Administration Quality Assurance Manual Quality Assurance Record Revision System Annual Audits Manufacturers of LSA shall develop a Quality Assurance Program including: Quality Assurance Program Compliance Overview

24 Engineering and Manufacture Record of Compliance Configuration Control Production Documentation Special Processes Quality Assurance Inspections Production Acceptance Assignment of QA Duties and Responsibilities Quality Assurance Program Compliance Overview

25 Continued Airworthiness Support Assignment of Duties Manufacturer’s Responsibilities Owner/Operator Responsibilities Determination of Corrective Action Notice Of Corrective Action Discontinued Airworthiness Support Safety Monitoring Plan Compliance Overview

26 The standard sets out the duties of both the manufacturer and the owner/operator of a LSA as it relates to continued operational safety. The standard sets out a method for determining when a manufacturer may issue a “mandatory” bulletin. If the issue does not qualify for a mandatory bulletin, then the standard allows for two other types of non-mandatory notices to be issued. Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of a Light Sport Aircraft

27 SAFETY ALERT for notifications that require immediate action. (FAA final rule asked for this term to be changed to “SAFETY DIRECTIVE”) SERVICE BULLETIN for notifications that do not require immediate action but do recommend future action. NOTIFICATION for notifications that do not necessarily recommend future action but are primarily for promulgation of continued airworthiness information; e.g. revisions to the maintenance manual. Types of Notices

28 Operational Safety Risk Assessment Procedure Used to determine appropriate corrective action based on level of safety effect and safety risk factor. Safety Monitoring Plan Compliance Overview

29 Version 1.1 CA—Risk Assessment ProcessSafety Risk Factor CalculationCA—Risk Assessment ProcessSafety Risk Factor Calculation Safety Risk Factor = (a) x (b) x (c) + (d) + (e) + (f) (a) = Safety Effect: Catastrophic = (4) Hazardous = (3) Major = (2) Minor = (1) (d) = Number of Occurrences: 5+ = (3) 3 to 5 = (2) 1 to 3 = (1) (b) = Operational Use: For hire = (2) Personal = (1) (e) = Events vs. Population: 10 %+ = (2) 1 %+ = (1) 0.1 % = (0) Less than 0.1 % = (-1) (c) = % Use by Population: >75 % For hire = (4) >50 % For hire = (3) >25 % For Hire = (2) <25 % For Hire = (1) (f) = Time between Events: Over 3 years = (-1) Over 2 years = (0) 1 to 2 years = (1) Less than 1 year = (2)

30 Safety Monitoring Plan Compliance Overview

31 The standard also establishes the requirements for the support of a product should a manufacturer no longer be able to support the product. Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of a Light Sport Aircraft

32 General Information Airplane Systems and Description Operating Limitations Weight and Balance information Performance Emergency Procedures Normal Procedures Aircraft Ground Handling and Servicing Required Placards and Markings Supplementary Information Aircraft Operating Instructions Compliance Overview

33 Each aircraft shall include a handbook All flight speeds will be in CAS Aircraft Operating Instructions Compliance Overview

34 Only the manufacturer can approve major repairs and alterations on Special Light Sport Aircraft (NO FAA involvement, NO 337’s) Manufacturer must provide all instructions and specifically designate who can perform the change. Manufacturer, NOT the FAR’s, provides instructions on how to document change in the aircraft records. Major Repairs and Alterations SLSA

35 ASTM LSA Standards as used by Civil Aviation Authorities Section 5

No production certificate or type certificate is used in this system. Compliance is enforced on an as-needed basis. (So far) U.S. FAA System of Airworthiness for LSA under ASTM Standards

37 The definition of LSA is slightly different than FAA. For instance, CASA defines LSA as having a max stall speed of 45kts at gross and a Vne of no more than 135kts. There is no max cruise speed. CASA has not created any airman certificates specifically to match LSA. Australia CASA