Deadly life and death description My own experience Confidence vs. Capability in Human Behavior

Accidents, Fatalities, and rates NORTH AMERICA Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEvents FatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Delta Airlines Southwest Airlines None Northwest Airlines Continental Airlines/Cont. Exp Air Canada American Airlines Alaska Airlines/Horizon Air US Airways Hawaiian Airlines1.2700None American Eagle United Airlines JetBlue Airlines0.9200None WestJet0.8700None USAir Shuttle0.8500None Midwest Airlines ATA Airlines0.5700None United Express AirTran Airways Comair

EUROPE Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEvents FatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Lufthansa British Airways Iberia Airlines KLM /KLM Cityhopper SAS Scandinavian AL/SAS Norway Finnair RyanAir1.9600None EasyJet1.6300None Aer Lingus Tap Air Portugal Austrian Airlines Air Europa0.7100None Malev-Hungarian Airlines Icelandair JAT Yugslovian Airways Virgin Atlantic Airways0.2400None British Midland Transaero Airlines0.1500None Ukraine International Airlines0.1200None Alitalia Air France

ASIA - AUSTRALIA Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1All Nippon Airways Japan Air Lines Qantas Airways Hanin Airlines1.2200None Air New Zealand Cathy Pacific Airways Malaysia Airlines Virgin Blue0.7300None Philippine Air Lines Air India Dragon Air0.3200None Air China Asiana Airlines China Southern Airlines Korean Air Garuda Indonesian Thai Airways International

Asia (Cont’d) 18 Singapore Airlines/SilkAir China Eastern Airlines Indian Air Lines Pakistan International Airlines China Airlines

SOUTH/CENTRAL AMERICA - MEXICO-CARIBBEAN Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1Aeromexico Mexicana Airlines Aerolíneas Argentin as Air Jamacia0.3800None Varig TACA Internati onal Airlines Lan Chile Airlines GOL Transpor tes Aereo Avianca Colombia n Airline TAM Cubana

AFRICA - MIDDLE EAST Airline MillionFatalAdj. FatalLastAccidentOverall RegionalFlightsEventsEventFatalRateRank Accident Jan-11 1 South African Airways Emirates Airline0.7600None El Al Kuwait Airways Royal Jordania n Airline Air Zimbabwe Oman Aviation0.1800None Saudi Arabian Airlines Royal Air Maroc EgyptAir Kenya Air Iran Air

EXPERIENCE & TRAINING HEALTH & FLYING SKILLS SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SPATIAL ORIENTATION COCKPIT MANAGEMENT & ATTITUDE Knowing your limits of confidence & capability

COULD YOU BREAK THE CHAIN? FAILURE TO MEET TARGETS UNDOCUMENTED PROCEDURE DEPARTURE FROM SOPS COMMUNICATIONS AMBIGUITY UNRESOLVED DISCREPANCIES FIXATION OR PREOCCUFATION EMPTY FEELING OR CONFUSION

Error Chain Any accident is the result of a chain of errors/events. If the error chain is fixed or removed, the chain is broken then accident will not happen.

※ Knowing Yourself Survivors Independent Critical Thinking Alienated FollowerEffective Follower Active Yes People Passive Sheep Dependent Critical Thinking (Kelly 1998) John Kelly, Subordinate Behavior Model Sheep-Not active, not independent thinkers. If told what to do, they do it. 2.Yes People-Active in carrying out orders ／ direction. 3.Alienated Followers-Critical thinkers who have turned against the leadership. 4.Effective followers-Active but not yes people, point out mistakes, errors, omissions to the Captain, but with respect. 5.Survivors-Mediocre performers who shift into all quadrants to avoid making waves.

Problem & Conflict Behavior Model Assertiveness High Low Competing Avoidance Compromise Collaborating Accommodating Thomas Kilmann “ Problem & Conflict Behavior Model ”, 1992

Miscommunication You thought you understand what I said; but what bothers me is what you thought and heard is not what I meant at all. In this context, individual styles, body language, speech act patterns and grammatical styles all have their part to play and affect the communication. Because of these complexities, crew members need to be aware of and sensitive to the nuances of effective communication. Avoid any elements which constitute a barrier to effective communication

※ Patterns of Leadership Leadership Styles Analytic Style Dictatorial Style Authoritarian Leadership Style Democratic Leadership Style Laissez- Faire Style Opinion- Seeking Style Range of Leadership Styles

Aspects of aircraft design that enhance safety Most aircraft disasters are the result of inappropriate action or actions carried out by the pilots involved - a process euphemistically known as "pilot error". Whilst the term "pilot error" is often seized upon by airline management, aircraft manufacturers and government aviation safety authorities to shift the blame for the disaster entirely onto the relevant aircrew (who are usually dead), it is often a gross over simplification of a far more complex situation.

Again, how safe is flying? In fact, the odds of dying on a commercial airline flight are as low as 9 million to 1! Keep in mind that about 95% of airplane crashes have survivors, so even if the worst does happen, your odds aren’t as bad as you might think.

Conclusion Accidents are always the result of several contributing factors, never of a single cause. Human behavior is an important factor in the aviation industry especially in the cockpit Only when all possible measures including human behavior fail, an accident can occur. Why not do our best to minimize such disaster?