1. Tumor of black pigment 2. A red cell 3. Xerosis 4. Dermatotome 5. subcutaneous

6. Condition of eating on dry food 7. Discoloration of the skin consisting of large areas of contusion. 8. A large papule 9. Excessive hair growth 10. Fungal infection of the skin

Respiratory System Respiratory System MEDL 2350 MEDL 2350

The Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of the UPPER and LOWER respiratory tracts. The respiratory system consists of the UPPER and LOWER respiratory tracts. URT includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. URT includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. LRT includes: bronchi and lungs LRT includes: bronchi and lungs The function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The body needs oxygen (02) for carrying out it metabolic functions. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced. The respiratory tract must get rid of the excess CO2 to prevent accumulation and eventual acidosis. The body needs oxygen (02) for carrying out it metabolic functions. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced. The respiratory tract must get rid of the excess CO2 to prevent accumulation and eventual acidosis.

Combining Forms Bronch/o Bronchi/o bronchus (airway) bronchoscope bronchoscope bronchiectasis (dilation or expansion) bronchiectasis (dilation or expansion)

Epiglott/o e epiglottis The epiglottis is the structure that prevents food from entering the trachea. It is a flap of tissue that constantly opens and closes. epiglottitis

Nas/o Rhin/o nose nasal rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose. AKA, a nose job)

Or/o mouth oropharynx (mouth of throat) oropharynx (mouth of throat) oral (pertaining to the mouth) oral (pertaining to the mouth)

Ox/o oxygen hypoxemia hypoxemia blood deficiency oxygen

Pharyng/o pharynx (throat) pharyngitis pharyngitis

Pleur/o Pleura Pleuralgia Pleuralgia

Pneum/o Pneumon/o air, lung Pneumothorax Pneumothorax air in the chest air in the chest Pneumonectomy Pneumonectomy sx excision of the lung sx excision of the lung

Pulmon/o lung pulmonary pulmonary Sinus/o sinus, cavity sinusitis sinusitis

Thorac/o chest thoracotomy (incision in to the chest) thoracotomy (incision in to the chest) Tonsil/o tonsils Trache/o trachea

Upper Respiratory Tract The external openings to the nose are called nostrils or NARES. The external openings to the nose are called nostrils or NARES. As a general rule, the combining form nas/o is not used to form surgical words. Most surgical terms referring to the nose use the form rhin/o As a general rule, the combining form nas/o is not used to form surgical words. Most surgical terms referring to the nose use the form rhin/o

Air enters the nose and passes into the nasal cavity. Inside the nasal cavity, there are tiny hairs that filter out dust particles found in the air. Air enters the nose and passes into the nasal cavity. Inside the nasal cavity, there are tiny hairs that filter out dust particles found in the air. The nasal cavity also contain CONCHAE, which moisten and warm the air. The nasal cavity also contain CONCHAE, which moisten and warm the air.

The suffix -therapy denotes treatment. The suffix -therapy denotes treatment. Hydrotherapy means treatment with water treatment with water Cryotherapy means treatment with cold or freezing treatment with cold or freezing

What is the meaning of aerohydrotherapy aerohydrotherapy Treatment with water and air.

After passing through the nasal cavity, air then enters the pharynx, or throat. Build a word that means “an abnormal condition of the throat caused by fungus” pharyngomycosis

The suffix -plegia means paralysis. Pharyngoplegia and pharyngoparalysis both mean a muscle paralysis of the throat. The abbreviation “CA” denotes a malignancy or cancer.

The following word all relate to CA of the throat: Pharyngitis (inflammation) Pharyngoplasty (sx repair) Pharyngotomy (incision) Pharyngotome (instrument to incise) Pharyngospasm (twitching)

The larynx or voice box is responsible for sound production. The larynx or voice box is responsible for sound production. The voice box takes the sound that is produced by the air passing through it and changes the PITCH by changing shape of the cords. The voice box takes the sound that is produced by the air passing through it and changes the PITCH by changing shape of the cords.

When CA of the larynx is detected in its early stages, a partial laryngectomy may be needed. When CA of the larynx is detected in its early stages, a partial laryngectomy may be needed. Extensive CA requires a total laryngectomy. Extensive CA requires a total laryngectomy. Spasms of the larynx may make breathing difficult. These laryngospasms are signs of allergic reactions. Spasms of the larynx may make breathing difficult. These laryngospasms are signs of allergic reactions.

Laryngospams are due to a narrowing of the space between the vocal cords. This condition is known as Laryngostenosis Laryngostenosis

At the top of the larynx is a small leaf-shaped flap of cartilage known as the epiglottis. During swallowing, the epiglottis closes off the larynx so that food and liquid are directed into the esophagus. When foreign material enters the larynx (anything but food), a cough attempts to expel the material to avoid choking.

Air passes from the larynx to the TRACHEA or WINDPIPE. Air passes from the larynx to the TRACHEA or WINDPIPE. The trachea connects the throat/larynx to the lungs. The trachea connects the throat/larynx to the lungs. Anything blocking the trachea will prevent air (oxygen) from entering the lungs. A tracheostomy is needed to create a new opening in the trachea for air to enter. Anything blocking the trachea will prevent air (oxygen) from entering the lungs. A tracheostomy is needed to create a new opening in the trachea for air to enter.

The trachea is composed of smooth muscle that is embedded with rings of cartilage. The trachea is composed of smooth muscle that is embedded with rings of cartilage. These rings provided the necessary rigidity that is needed to prevent collapsing of the tube. These rings provided the necessary rigidity that is needed to prevent collapsing of the tube.

Tumors are also called NEOPLASMS. Tumors are also called NEOPLASMS. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant. The prefix neo- means new The prefix neo- means new The suffix -plasm means growth The suffix -plasm means growth Therefore, the term neoplasm means a new growth. Therefore, the term neoplasm means a new growth.

Recall that a carcinoma refers to a cancerous tumor. Recall that a carcinoma refers to a cancerous tumor. A carcinoma is a tumor that originates from epithelial tissue. A carcinoma is a tumor that originates from epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that lines the body or body cavities. Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that lines the body or body cavities. Also recall, that a benign tumor is named by adding the suffix –oma. Therefore, a benign tumor of cartilage would be called a CHONDROMA. Also recall, that a benign tumor is named by adding the suffix –oma. Therefore, a benign tumor of cartilage would be called a CHONDROMA.

The Lower Respiratory Tract The trachea divides into two branches called BRONCHI. The trachea divides into two branches called BRONCHI. Each bronchus branches to a separate lung and subdivides into increasingly smaller branches called BRONCHIOLES. Each bronchus branches to a separate lung and subdivides into increasingly smaller branches called BRONCHIOLES. The bronchioles are the smallest branches. The bronchioles are the smallest branches.

Patients with asthma suffer from wheezing caused by spasms of the bronchi. Patients with asthma suffer from wheezing caused by spasms of the bronchi. These spasms are called: These spasms are called: bronchospam bronchospam

A dilation of a bronchi is called A dilation of a bronchi is called Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis

A Word about Size Something that is visible to the naked eye is called MACROSCOPIC. Something that is visible to the naked eye is called MACROSCOPIC. Something that is seen only by the use of a magnifying instrument is called MICROSCOPIC. Something that is seen only by the use of a magnifying instrument is called MICROSCOPIC.

At the end of the bronchial tree, there is a cluster of very small, grapelike air sacs. At the end of the bronchial tree, there is a cluster of very small, grapelike air sacs. These air sacs are the ALVEOLI. These air sacs are the ALVEOLI. The alveoli are the places where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide. The alveoli are intimately associated with capillaries that allow blood cells to filter through one at a time. The alveoli are the places where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide. The alveoli are intimately associated with capillaries that allow blood cells to filter through one at a time.

Each bronchus leads to a lung. Each bronchus leads to a lung. Each lung is enclosed in a saran-wrap like structure called the PLEURA. Each lung is enclosed in a saran-wrap like structure called the PLEURA.

The suffix -pnea means breathing. The suffix -pnea means breathing. The disorder apnea means without breathing. The disorder apnea means without breathing. People with sleep apnea stop breathing multiple times during the night. This causes snoring and interrupted sleep patterns. People with sleep apnea stop breathing multiple times during the night. This causes snoring and interrupted sleep patterns. What do these terms mean? What do these terms mean? dyspnea dyspnea painful breathing painful breathing eupnea eupnea normal breathing **The prefix eu- means normal. normal breathing **The prefix eu- means normal.

The prefix tachy- means fast. The prefix tachy- means fast. The word tachypnea means rapid breathing. The word tachypnea means rapid breathing. The prefix brady- means slow. The prefix brady- means slow. The word bradypnea means slow breathing. The word bradypnea means slow breathing.

The DIAPHRAGM is a large muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity. The DIAPHRAGM is a large muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm decends During exhalation, the diaphragm ascends

Homework Using your medical dictionary, find the meaning of the following words. You will be responsible for these definitions on the next exam/quiz. Using your medical dictionary, find the meaning of the following words. You will be responsible for these definitions on the next exam/quiz. 1. Epistaxis 2. Hypoxia 3. Pertussis 4. Pneumothorax 5. Rales 6. Rhonchi 7. stridor 8. Acidosis 9. Adult respiratory distress syndrome 10. Atelectasis 11. Coryza 12. Croup 13. Empyema