The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2 Support Systems Unit 2

The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System Hematopoiesis Structure Support Muscle Attachment and Movement Mineral Storage Hematopoiesis Structure Support Muscle Attachment and Movement Mineral Storage

Axial vs. Appendicular The Axial Skeleton –Contains the bones that are along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk The Appendicular Skeleton –Contains the bones of the extremities (or appendages) –Includes the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs The Axial Skeleton –Contains the bones that are along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk The Appendicular Skeleton –Contains the bones of the extremities (or appendages) –Includes the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs

Bones of the Cranium Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Maxillae Mandible Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Maxillae Mandible

Frontal Bone Forms the forehead Forms the roof of the eye sockets Forms the forehead Forms the roof of the eye sockets

Parietal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity Consists of two bones Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Temporal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

Occipital Bone The base of the cranial cavity Prominent posterior portion The base of the cranial cavity Prominent posterior portion

Maxillae The upper jaw

Mandible Lower jaw bone

The Vertebral Column Composed of 33 bones Encloses and protects the spinal cord Supports the head Composed of 33 bones Encloses and protects the spinal cord Supports the head

Bones of the Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones

Vertebral Curvatures

Bones of the Thoracic Cavity Sternum Xiphoid Process Ribs Sternum Xiphoid Process Ribs

Bones of the Upper Extremities Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

Bones of the Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pubis Together these three bones are fused and are called the os coxae The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum Ilium Ischium Pubis Together these three bones are fused and are called the os coxae The fused os coxae articulate with the sacrum

Bones of the Lower Extremities Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Joints Where two bones articulate The points of contact between bones –Hinge Joints –Gliding Joints –Ball and Socket Joints Where two bones articulate The points of contact between bones –Hinge Joints –Gliding Joints –Ball and Socket Joints

Hinge Joints Allows for extension and flexion

Gliding Joints Bones slide past each other

Ball and Socket Joints Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

Disease and Disorders Fractures Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis Osteoarthritis Fractures Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis Osteoarthritis

Fractures Types of fractures –Closed or simple fracture The bone is broken and the skin is intact –Open or compound fracture The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone Types of fractures –Closed or simple fracture The bone is broken and the skin is intact –Open or compound fracture The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Kyphosis and Lordosis Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback) Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback) Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback) Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback)

Osteoarthritis Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

Careers Radiologist Radiology Technician Chiropractor Physical Therapist Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy Aide Radiologist Radiology Technician Chiropractor Physical Therapist Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy Aide

Radiologist Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency. College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans Average : $300, 000 Radiologist video Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency. College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans Average : $300, 000 Radiologist video

Radiology Technician Specialize in diagnostic imaging –Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasonography Associate degree for x-ray certification Bachelors degree for further specialization –MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and Ultrasound Average salary: $30-35,000 A Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTubeA Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTube Specialize in diagnostic imaging –Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasonography Associate degree for x-ray certification Bachelors degree for further specialization –MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and Ultrasound Average salary: $30-35,000 A Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTubeA Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTube

Chiropractor Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years Average Salary- $65, ,000 youniversity chiropractor Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years Average Salary- $65, ,000 youniversity chiropractor

Physical Therapist Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases Masters degree (6years) Salary : $60- 85,000 Physical Therapy (long but good) Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases Masters degree (6years) Salary : $60- 85,000 Physical Therapy (long but good)

Physical Therapy Assistant Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree Salary- $35-55,000 Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree Salary- $35-55,000

Physical Therapy Aide Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. On the job training Salary- $8-15 per hour Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. On the job training Salary- $8-15 per hour

Vocabulary- Word Parts Cost/o-rib Chondr/o-cartilage Crani/o-skull or cranium Thorac/o-chest or chest wall Hemat/o-blood Cephal/o-cranial or head Cervic/o-neck, neck of an organ Arthr/o-joint Oste/o-bone Vertebr/o-vertebra Cost/o-rib Chondr/o-cartilage Crani/o-skull or cranium Thorac/o-chest or chest wall Hemat/o-blood Cephal/o-cranial or head Cervic/o-neck, neck of an organ Arthr/o-joint Oste/o-bone Vertebr/o-vertebra

Vocabulary- word parts Inter- between –intercostal (between the ribs) Sub- under, beneath, less than –Sublingual (under the tongue) -poiesis formation or production of –Hematopoiesis (production of blood) -malacia softening of tissue –Osteomalacic (softening of bone) -al relating to –Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae) Inter- between –intercostal (between the ribs) Sub- under, beneath, less than –Sublingual (under the tongue) -poiesis formation or production of –Hematopoiesis (production of blood) -malacia softening of tissue –Osteomalacic (softening of bone) -al relating to –Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

Vocabulary- word parts -genesis generation, reproduction –Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells) -tomy cutting into, incision –Craniotomy (cutting into the skull) -ectomy excision, removal of –Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) -ic characteristic of, relating to –Thoracic (relating to the chest) -genesis generation, reproduction –Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells) -tomy cutting into, incision –Craniotomy (cutting into the skull) -ectomy excision, removal of –Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) -ic characteristic of, relating to –Thoracic (relating to the chest)

Vocabulary Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain Extremities the arms and legs X-ray type of diagnostic imaging Hematopoieses production of blood cells Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal column Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain Extremities the arms and legs X-ray type of diagnostic imaging Hematopoieses production of blood cells Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal column