. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 12 The Respiratory System Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2 Learning Objectives Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system. Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration.
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Identify clinical procedures and abbreviations related to the system. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.
Chapter 12 Lesson 12.1
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Introduction Respiration mechanical process of breathing exchange of air between lungs and environment
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Introduction (cont’d.) External respiration: exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs immediately passes into capillaries carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Introduction (cont’d.) Internal respiration: exchange of gases in the cells occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Inhalation and Expiration
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Respiratory Anatomy Mediastinum: middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches Bronchi: each leads to a separate lung Lungs: lobes are not mirror images Hilum: blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Anatomy of Respiration
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Respiratory Structures Conduct air Nose Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Exchange gases Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Respiratory Flow Chart
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Combining Forms adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o mediastin/o nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o phren/o pleur/o pneum/o pneumon/o pulmon/o rhin/o sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Suffixes -ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.2
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Diagnostic Terms auscultation percussion pleural rub rales (crackles) sputum stridor wheezes
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Pathological Terms Upper Respiratory Disorders croup diphtheria epistaxis pertussis Bronchial Tube Disorders asthma bronchiectasis bronchogenic carcinoma chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Pathological Terms (cont’d.) Lung Disorders atelectasis emphysema pneumoconiosis pneumonia pulmonary abscess pulmonary edema pulmonary embolism (PE) pulmonary fibrosis sarcoidosis tuberculosis (TB)
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Pathological Terms, Lung Disorders (cont’d.) Atelectasis Two forms Proximal obstruction of distal airways Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Pathological Terms (cont’d.) Pleural Disorders mesothelioma pleural effusion pleurisy (pleuritis) pneumothorax
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Pathological Terms, Pleural Disorders (cont’d.) Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 For Spelling and Meaning anthracosis asbestosis bacilli chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cor pulmonale exudate hydrothorax palliative paroxysmal pulmonary infarction purulent rhonchi silicosis
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.3
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Clinical Procedures X-rays chest x-ray computed tomography (CT scan of the chest) pulmonary angiography
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) X-rays: radiographic imaging
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Radioactive Test Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) laryngoscopy lung biopsy mediastinoscopy pulmonary function tests (PFTs) thoracentesis thoracotomy thorascopy tracheostomy tuberculin test tube thoracostomy
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space
Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Tracheostomy: creation of opening to trachea through the neck