Innovations & Controversies in Scholarly Communication: A Presentation to the Engineering/Science Library Advisory Committee Anne Smithers 27 February 2003

Publishing Paradox Researchers: –Conduct research –Constitute editorial boards –Act as reviewers –Submit articles for publication Pay for production costs (e.g., graphics) –Article accepted for publication –Copyright relinquished to publisher –Publisher charges library to buy back articles

Publishing Environment: Associations vs. Commercial Scholarly Associations –Not for profit –Communication among community of researchers –Strive to produce high-quality, lower-cost journals –Original primary vehicles for scholarly communication

Publishing Environment cont. Commercial Publishers –Developed in response to overflow of articles submitted for publication (~6000 per day; Arndt 1992) –Maximize profit by raising institutional prices (210% increase in unit cost over last 15 yrs; ARL) –Users demand access = Libraries forced to pay high costs –Some Associations have “outsourced” journal publishing to commercial firms –Author relinquishes copyright

Publishing Environment cont. Examples: (print pricing for 2003) –Organic Letters Publisher: American Chemical Society Institutional cost: $2,850 US (26 issues) –Tetrahedron Letters Publisher: Elsevier Institutional cost: $10,345 US (52 issues)

University Role Universities exacerbate the problem Promotion and tenure criteria recognize publication in: –Prestigious journals –High-impact factor journals Journal Citation Reports (Institute of Scientific Information)

Problems Summarized Commercial publisher domination Spiralling costs vs. relatively flat library budgets –Average cost of health sciences journals are 67% higher than average cost across all academic disciplines (ARL) Exacerbation by academia & granting/funding agencies Solutions?

University, Library & Organizational Solutions Build awareness Consortial purchasing New models of scholarly dissemination & archiving

Build Awareness University & Library communication and public debate – Queen’s Symposium on the Future of Scholarly Publishing, April 2002 – Regular Updates to the University Community

Consortial Purchasing Who? –Local, regional, provincial, national, and special interest consortia: CNSLP OCUL COAHL Why? –Large group purchasing leverages lower costs

Canadian National Site Licensing Project (CNSLP) 64 universities participating (1 st round) STM e-journals and databases Springer (400 titles), Web of Science Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) 17 Ontario universities All disciplines/subjects covered ACS (34 titles), IOP (31 titles), BioOne (54 titles)

Consortium of Ontario Academic Health Libraries (COAHL ) 5 health sciences libraries: McMaster, Ottawa, Queen’s, Toronto, Western Health sciences disciplines –Ovid databases –MD Consult –E-journal packages AMA Journals (12 titles), BMJ Journals(28 titles), Harcourt Health Sciences (164 titles), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins (210 titles), ProQuest Nursing Journals (~330 titles)

New Models of Scholarly Dissemination & Archiving SPARC PubMed Central BioOne BioMed Central Public Library of Science Open Archives Initiative Institutional Repositories

SPARC (The Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition) Worldwide alliance of research institutions, libraries and organizations Encourages competition in the scholarly communications market Nurtures creation of high-quality, low- priced publication outlets for peer- reviewed STM research Not a publisher

PubMed Central Digital archive of life sciences journal literature – NOT a publisher Access to PMC is free and unrestricted Articles indexed in Medline Participating journals include all their peer- reviewed research articles in PMC Includes 39 life-sciences titles + 57 BMC (BioMed Central) titles

Journals in PubMed Central EMBO journal –Research articles free to all users after 12 months Molecular biology of the cell –Most recent issue is December 2002 Nucleic acids research –Research articles free to all users after 6 months Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America –Most recent issue is August 2002

BioOne Aggregation of high-impact bioscience research journals Collaboration between scientific societies, libraries, academe & private sector Articles in the database are reference- linked with other BioOne journals = integrated access SPARC partner Not a publisher

BioOne Journals American midland naturalist Annals of the Entomological Society of America Journal of medical entomology Paleobiology Radiation research

BioMed Central Independent publishing house Immediate free access to peer-reviewed biomedical research Copyright retained by authors Supports PMC – Articles indexed in Medline SPARC publisher partner Membership fee

BioMed Central Journals BMC cell biology (v.4, February 2003) Journal of biology (v.2, February 2003) –Includes articles of a standard similar to those published in Nature, Science, or Cell Proteome science (v.1, January 2003)

Public Library of Science Non-profit organization of scientists Goal: to establish online public libraries of science to archive and freely distribute scientific articles 2003 two new peer-reviewed journals, no charges for access Authors charged fee for article publication

Open Archives Initiative Develops and promotes common technology standards Institutional repositories Reform scholarly communication Serve as tangible indicator of a university’s quality

Bringing It All Together Traditional publishing models cannot be sustained Huge impact of the transition to the digital environment –Online will replace print Rapid emergence of new initiatives New paradigms of scholarly communication will forge ahead

Late-Breaking News! CNSLP negotiations with Elsevier successful! Online access to approx.1500 titles on ScienceDirect 23 broad subject areas Back-file coverage to Ontario Scholars Portal

Engineering & Science Library Your route to scholarly communication communication

References Symposium on the Future of Scholarly Publishing – mary.htmhttp://library.queensu.ca/scholarcomm/2002conf/sum mary.htm CNSLP - SPARC – PubMed Central - BioOne -

References cont’d. BioMed Central - Public Library of Science - Open Archives Initiative -