{ Deklarácia z Alma Aty Prof. MUDr. Martin Rusnák, CSc.

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Presentation transcript:

{ Deklarácia z Alma Aty Prof. MUDr. Martin Rusnák, CSc

{ Štruktúra Formy ZS Primárna ZS Deklarácia Čo ďalej Formy ZS Primárna ZS Deklarácia Čo ďalej

 Primárna  Sekundárna  Terciárna Úroveň starostlivosti

 Prvá úroveň kontaktu medzi jednotlivcom a systémom zdravotníckej starostlivosti  Zabezpečuje základnú zdravotnú starostlivosť.  Umožňuje uspokojivo zvládnuť väčšinu zdravotných problémov.  Poskytuje sa najbližšie k ľuďom.  Poskytuje sa v zariadeniach primárnej zdravotníckej starostlivosti. Primárna zdravotná starostlivosť

 je základná ambulantná preventívna a liečebná starostlivosť vrátane sprostredkovania ďalšej odbornej, ambulantnej a ústavnej starostlivosti, návštevnej služby, lekárskej služby prvej pomoci a rýchlej zdravotnej pomoci.  Poskytujú ju praktickí lekári pre dospelých, praktickí lekári pre deti a dorast a dorastoví lekári, gynekológovia, zubní lekári a ďalší príslušní zdravotnícki pracovníci. Primárna zdravotná starostlivosť

 Zabezpečuje sa v spolupráci so zamestnávateľom a závodnou zdravotnou službou.  Jej obsahom je prevencia zameraná na ochranu zdravia zamestnancov pred chorobami z povolania a inými poškodeniami zdravia z práce a na prevenciu úrazov. Závodná preventívna zdravotná starostlivosť

 Zdravotná starostlivosť pri náhlom ochorení, zhoršení zdravotného stavu alebo pri ohrození života, ktoré vzniklo v čase mimo riadnej prevádzky zdravotníckeho zariadenia.  LSPP sú povinné vykonávať zmluvné zdravotnícke zariadenia primárnej zdravotnej starostlivosti podľa pokynov štátneho okresného lekára. Lekárska služba prvej pomoci

 Záchranná zdravotná služba je zdravotná starostlivosť pri chorobných stavoch a úrazoch, pri ktorých odklad poskytnutia tejto starostlivosti bezprostredne ohrozuje život pacienta, a s tým súvisiaca preprava pacientov, darcov orgánov na účely transplantácie, krvi a krvných derivátov, liekov a zdravotníckej techniky.  Jej súčasťou je rýchla zdravotná pomoc a letecká záchranná zdravotná služba. Záchranná zdravotná služba a dopravná zdravotná služba

 Preventívna, diagnostická a liečebná starostlivosť, ktorá presahuje rámec primárnej zdravotnej starostlivosti. Jej súčasťou sú aj konziliárne služby. Poskytuje sa ambulantne a ústavne.  Je pacientovi dostupná na základe odporúčania lekára primárnej, sekundárnej alebo následnej zdravotnej starostlivosti alebo bez odporúčania lekára v prípadoch ustanovených osobitnými predpismi. Sekundárna zdravotná starostlivosť

 Nadväzuje na predchádzajúcu primárnu zdravotnú starostlivosť a sekundárnu zdravotnú starostlivosť v prípadoch, keď je to potrebné v záujme dokončenia liečebného procesu alebo na zlepšenie zdravotného stavu.  Zahŕňa najmä liečebnú rehabilitáciu, psychologickú starostlivosť, logopedickú starostlivosť, liečebno-pedagogickú starostlivosť a kúpeľnú starostlivosť.  Poskytuje sa ako ambulantná starostlivosť alebo ústavná starostlivosť v jednotlivých druhoch zdravotníckych zariadení na základe odporúčania lekárov primárnej alebo sekundárnej zdravotnej starostlivosti. Následná zdravotná starostlivosť

zachytenie včasných nediferencovaných štádií Riešenie konkrétnych problémov Orientácia na komunitu Manažment zdravotnej starostlivosti Komplexný prístup Orientácia na pacienta Holistický prístup rozhodovanie založené na incidencii a prevalencii chorôb zodpovednosť za zdravie komunity realizácia a koordinácia preventívnych a liečebných postupov 1. prvý kontakt 2. bezbariérový prístup 3. všetky zdravotné problémy riešime všetky akútne a všetky chronické zdravotné problémy podpora pri dosahovaní zdravia a duševnej pohody kontinuálnosť starostlivosti zameranie na pa- cienta komplexne a v súvislostiach.... vzájomný vzťah doktor-pacient všetkozahŕňajúci kontext: fyzické, psychologické, sociálne, kultúrne, existenčné... vedecké poznatky umenie súvislostí skúsenosti Európska definícia všeobecného praktického/rodinného lekárstva Definícia Wonca Europe

{ Alma Ata 1978

Principles of PHC The 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata proposed a set of PRINCIPLES for primary health care. PHC should: The 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata proposed a set of PRINCIPLES for primary health care. PHC should: 1. “Reflect and evolve from the economic conditions and socio-cultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities, and be based on the application of the relevant results of social, biomedical and health services research and public health experience” 2. “Address the main health problems in the community, providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services accordingly”

3. “Involve, in addition to the health sector, all related sectors and aspects of national and community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works, 4. “Promote maximum community and individual self-reliance and participation in the planning, organization, operation and control of primary health care, making fullest use of local, national and other available resources; and to this end develop through appropriate education the ability of communities to participate“

5. “Be sustained by integrated, functional and mutually-supportive referral systems, leading to the progressive improvement of comprehensive health care for all, and giving priority to those most in need” 6. “Rely, at local and referral levels, on health workers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, auxiliaries and community workers as applicable, as well as traditional practitioners as needed, suitably trained socially and technically to work as a health team and to respond to the expressed health needs of the community.”

Core Activities for PHC There is a set of CORE ACTIVITIES, which were normally defined nationally or locally. According to the 1978 Declaration of Alma- Ata proposed that these activities should include: There is a set of CORE ACTIVITIES, which were normally defined nationally or locally. According to the 1978 Declaration of Alma- Ata proposed that these activities should include:

1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them

2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition

3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation

4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning

5. Immunization against the major infectious disease s

6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases

7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries

8. Basic laboratory services and provision of essential drugs.

9. Training of health guides, health workers and health assistants.

10. Referral services

 Mental health  Physical handicaps  Health and social care of the elderly

WHO Strategies of PHC 1. Reducing excess mortality of poor marginalized populations: PHC must ensure access to health services for the most disadvantaged populations, and focus on interventions which will directly impact on the major causes of mortality, morbidity and disability for those populations. PHC must ensure access to health services for the most disadvantaged populations, and focus on interventions which will directly impact on the major causes of mortality, morbidity and disability for those populations. 2. Reducing the leading risk factors to human health: PHC, through its preventative and health promotion roles, must address those known risk factors, which are the major determinants of health outcomes for local populations. PHC, through its preventative and health promotion roles, must address those known risk factors, which are the major determinants of health outcomes for local populations.

3. Developing Sustainable Health Systems: PHC as a component of health systems must develop in ways, which are financially sustainable, supported by political leaders, and supported by the populations served. PHC as a component of health systems must develop in ways, which are financially sustainable, supported by political leaders, and supported by the populations served. 4, Developing an enabling policy and institutional environment: PHC policy must be integrated with other policy domains, and play its part in the pursuit of wider social, economic, environmental and development PHC policy must be integrated with other policy domains, and play its part in the pursuit of wider social, economic, environmental and development policy. policy.

The Basic Requirements for Sound PHC (the 8 A’s and the 3 C’s)  Appropriateness  Availability  Adequacy  Accessibility  Acceptability  Affordability  Assessability  Accountability  Completeness  Comprehensiveness  Continuity

Appropriateness  Whether the service is needed at all in relation to essential human needs, priorities and policies.  The service has to be properly selected and carried out by trained personnel in the proper way.

Adequacy  The service proportionate to requirement.  Sufficient volume of care to meet the need and demand of a community

Affordability  The cost should be within the means and resources of the individual and the country.

Accessibility  Reachable, convenient services  Geographic, economic, cultural accessibility

Acceptability  Acceptability of care depends on a variety of factors, including satisfactory communication between health care providers and the patients, whether the patients trust this care, and whether the patients believe in the confidentiality and privacy of information shared with the providers.

Availability  Availability of medical care means that care can be obtained whenever people need it.

Assessability  Assessebility means that medical care can be readily evaluated.

Accountability  Accountability implies the feasibility of regular review of financial records by certified public accountants.

Completeness  Completeness of care requires adequate attention to all aspects of a medical problem, including prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, follow up measures, and rehabilitation.

Comprehensiveness  Comprehensiveness of care means that care is provided for all types of health problems.

Continuity  Continuity of care requires that the management of a patient’s care over time be coordinated among providers.

 Čo je primárna zdravotnícka starostlivosť  Deklarácia Alma Atahttp:// assets/pdf_file/0009/113877/E93944.p df assets/pdf_file/0009/113877/E93944.p dfhttp:// assets/pdf_file/0009/113877/E93944.p df  Zavedenie princípov do praxe Súhrn

 Preložiť Deklaráciu Alma Ata do slovenčiny  Napísať esej, ako sa uplatňujú zásady z deklarácie v mieste bydliska Domáca úloha