G ANGESTAD, S TEVEN W., S IMPSON, J EFFRY A., C OUSINS, A LITA J., G ARVER -A PGAR, C HRISTINE E., C HRISTENSEN, P. N IELS (2004). W OMEN ' S PREFERENCES FOR MALE BEHAVIORAL DISPLAYS CHANGE ACROSS THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE. P SYCHOLOGICAL S CIENCE, 15(3), Gina Coletto Isaiah Magpali-Isaac Austinae Obstaculo Wendi Tsukada W OMEN ' S P REFERENCES FOR M ALE B EHAVIORAL D ISPLAYS C HANGE A CROSS THE M ENSTRUAL C YCLE

V IDEO e=SeriesPlayList&p=0C78E5D7AEE709AC Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

B ACKGROUND Women prefer… the scent of symmetrical men particularly during fertile days. “masculine faces more on fertile days than non-fertile days.” men who “display self-assurance and stand up for themselves with other men (intrasexual), but who exhibit warmth and agreeableness (intersexual).” Behavioral displays seen as insight on genetic benefits. See men with more masculine faces as viable short term partners, but less viable long-term partners. Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

H YPOTHESIS Women would show a preference for men who displayed social presence and direct intrasexual competitiveness would increase on high-fertility days relative to low-fertility days, but only in a short-term, not a long-term, mating context. Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

T HE S TUDY Participants: 237 normally ovulating females (mean=19.3) from University of New Mexico Viewed 36 or 40 videotaped men Men from Texas A&M (n=76, mean=18.8) competing for a lunch date with an attractive woman; answered 6 questions then was confronted by “competitor” and asked why they should be chosen. Men rated for Social Presence (SP) and Direct Intrasexual Competitiveness (DIC) Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

T HE S TUDY ( CONT.) Rated men on a series of dimensions: First Attractive as a short-term mate Attractive as long-term mate Second (N=55, Diff. Set of Women) Physical attractiveness Reported First day of last cycle Typical cycle length *used to find average conception risk or fertility level Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

R ESULTS & D ISCUSSION Results Preference for men who displayed social presence and direct intrasexual competitiveness would increased on high- fertility days relative to low-fertility days, but only in a short-term, not a long-term, mating context. Discussion Results further confirm that female mate preference changes over cycle. Women’s attraction to men may depend on behavioral traits more than scent and facial masculinity. Points to evolved adaptation for extrapair mating for genetic gains Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

G RAPH Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

T ABLE 1 Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

C RITIQUE Only younger women (mean=19.3) Older women (25+) were not included Women with irregular periods not included Only young men (18.8) were considered The study doesn’t discuss long-term female mating preferences. The study doesn’t take into account female preference for mates on non-fertile days. Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

T EST Q UESTIONS On days when women are most fertile, they are likely to view men as most attractive for a potential short term mate if: A. the man gazes downward often B. makes constant eye contact C. gives off a nice-guy personality The fact that female’s shifts in preference for men are specific to their critiques of short-term mates may support the evolved female adaptation to: A. secure paternity in her male mate B. gain genetic benefits through extrapair mating C. lactate Particularly, during a woman’s high conception risk days, they are more likely to interpret a male who appears athletic, confident, and assertive as: A. a potential casual sex partner B. more likely to invest in a committed relationship C. likely to already by in a relationship with someone else Women are more likely to prefer men who exhibit stronger social presence and direct intrasexual competitiveness during their fertile days. True or False Women’s mate preferences systematically change across the reproductive cycle. True or False Women view men who appear and give off the impression that they are athletic as more attractive on their fertile days. True or False Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),

W HERE TO F IND U S … Gangestad, Steven W., Simpson, Jeffry A., Cousins, Alita J., Garver-Apgar, Christine E., Christensen, P. Niels (2004). Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 15(3),