1 S. K. Shahi Secretary, IWAI Coal Transportation by Inland Waterways New Delhi,

IWT was important mode in the past In 19 th century steamers were plying from Kolkata up to Garhmukteshwar and Dibrugarh in the Ganga & Brahmaputra respectively Development of Railways & Roads gave IWT a setback In 1970s, IWT for NER revived with IWT&T Protocol between India & Bangladesh In 1980s and 1990s, CIWTC used to ply vessels from Kolkata to Guwahati and Karimganj routes Transported over 4 lakh tonne cargo in , now engaged only in lighterage movement IWT in the past 2

3 IWT - Advantages

 Best suited for bulk cargo (coal, minerals, food- grains, fertilizers, cement, flyash etc), ODC and hazardous goods  Provides seaport - hinterland connectivity  Less development & maintenance cost compared to Railways and Roads  All weather mode of transport  Can supplement Roads and Railways  Strategic importance for North Eastern Region IWT – Advantages contd… 4

Other advantages of IWT mode Safest mode  For each IWT fatality, there are 22.7 fatalities related to Rail and 155 in r/o Roads Reduction of trucks from roads (decongestion)  One 1000 tonne barge = 100 trucks Corridor capacity  While Road & Rail are stretched to limits, waterways in India have huge unutilised capacity 5

Other advantages of IWT mode Most environment friendly Minimal land acquisition 6 Tons of CO 2 per Million Ton- miles

Coal is the largest commodity by volume moving on waterways – USA’s thermal power plants use waterways for > 20 % of coal – Germany: 45% – China: 17% – India: practically nil 7 Inland waterways & Coal transportation …….global scenario

Generation Installed Capacity ( as on ) : 187 GW YearInstalled Capacity [GW] By By By By By Power Sector Overview 8

Coal: demand - supply gap Power generation capacity: a critical requirement Coal: the main source of energy Current coal demand: 696 MMT May become 1000 MMT by 2017 Estimated coal to be imported : 137 MMT 9

Shortage of domestic coal Growth of installed capacity > production of domestic coal; making import of coal inevitable MoP has been directing generating companies for import of coal CEA has also issued advisory for designing new boilers suitable for blending ratio of 30:70 (imported: domestic coal) or higher Hence, imported coal will play a key role in generating thermal power Need for import of thermal coal 10

Hence, overdependence on railways needs to be reduced: road is out of question : IWT a realistic supplementary option, especially for imported coal Coal transportation bottlenecks Railway Congestion Shortage of rakes Shortage of bottom opening wagons  Railway network has its own limitations in terms of zonal capacities, inter-zone re-deployment of rakes, etc. Port congestion Low draft at some ports like Haldia 11

14,500 km of potential waterways Role of IWAI: Develop infrastructure and regulate movement on NWs 3 NWs developed Two more NW (4 & 5) declared in 2008 One more NW declaration in process Other waterways to be developed by States Waterways of India 12

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15 INDO – BANGLADESH PROTOCOL ROUTES JHARKHAND B A N G L A D E S H BIHAR WEST BENGAL A S S A M M E G H A L A Y A MANIPUR MIZORAM TRIPURA HALDIA KOLKATA NW-1 DHUBRI PANDU TEJPUR SILGHAT JOGIGHOPA SHISHUMARA DHULIAN KARIMGANJ RAJSHAHI NARAYANGANJ DHAKA Brahmaputra R. Barak LAKHIPUR Bay of Bengal I N D I A 31 31C DISPUR SHILLONG 54 AIZWAL AGARTALA Jamuna R. Ganga R. Meghna R.` Kusiyara R. Surma R. Meghna R. Sunderbans Hooghly R. NW-2 BAGHABARI Baral R. CHILMARI BAHADURABAD SIRAJGANJ ZAKIGANJ FENCHUGANJ SHERPUR MARKULI AJMIRIGANJ BHAIRAB BAZAR CHANDPUR BARISAL KAUKHALI MONGLA KHULNA CHALNA NAMKHANA Raimangal R. GODAGARI ARICHA ASHUGANJ Ganga R. Bhagirathi R. ORISSA Padma R. Myanmar (Burma) IMPHAL KOHIMA NAGALAND Legend Kolkata - Guwahati/Pandu km Kolkata - Karimganj km Dhulian-Rajshahi km Protocol route distances N BHANGA AKHAURA DAIKHAWA Legend Declared National waterway Proposed National waterway Protocol route Road Rail NH 51 ANGTIHARA SYLHET P P P P P P P P P 15

KOTTAPURAM ALUVA UDYOGAMANDAL CANAL KAKKANAD(CSEZ) CHAMPAKKARA CANAL KOCHI MARADU VAIKOM CHERTHALA THANNERMUKKOM LOCK CUM BARRAGE ALAPPUZHA THRIKKUNNAPUZHA KAYAMKULAM THRIKKUNNAPUZHA LOCK GATE CHAVARA KOLLAM N Arabian Sea Legend Waterway alignment Road Rail Important places West Coast Canal (Kottapuram – Kollam) Champakkara & Udyogamandal canals National Waterway-3 River distance Kottapuram - Kollam 168 km Udyogamandal canal 23 km Champakkara canal 14 km Total length 205 km KERALAKERALA 16

Development cost- Rs 1515 cr (2010prices) Notified on

Development cost- Rs 4210 cr (2010 prices) Notified on

Bhanga Badarpu r Silcha r Length –121 km Development cost - Rs 120 cr (at 2011 prices) Status: Declaration in process Proposed National Waterway – 6 : River Barak StretchKm Bhanga - Lakhipur121 19

Inland waterways Advantage With so many waterways, their non- utilisation for transportation of coal is a great opportunity loss for the country 20

Transportation of imported coal to hinterland TPS ideal for IWT  Haldia to Farakka TPS; a success story in making For domestic coal too Coastal Shipping & IWT movement possible for MCL coal  Coastal vessel is loaded at Paradip/Dhamra Port Lighterage at Haldia into IWT vessel for supplying coal to TPS on Ganga or Brahmaputra Coastal vessel can directly supply coal at Budge Budge & Bandel TPS With many thermal power plants located along Ganga and many steel plants near east coast there is tremendous scope for waterways for coal transportation 21

THANK YOU Thermal power plants along NW-1 Allahabad Haldia Barauni Barh Bara Karchana Pirpainti Buxar Bhagalpur Lakhisarai Anapara Obra NTPC Plants State Govt Plants Bandel Budge Kolaghat 14 Muzaffarpur Kahalgaon 5 5 Farakka Sagardighi 8 8 Expansion Proposed Power Plants Installed power: around 15,000 MW Total coal requirement: around 75 MMTPA  Imported coal: around 15 MMTPA

Coal transportation by inland waterways from Bay of Bengal to Farakka TPS: a success story in making 23

NTPC’s TPS at Farakka & Kahalgaon face acute shortage of coal They require 3-4 MMT of imported coal But due to several reasons, transportation of this coal has been a difficult and costly proposition for NTPC  Draft constraint at Haldia: Available draft-7.0 m  High waiting time at Paradip port  Limited rake availability for transportation from port  High Logistics cost leads to high delivered cost of coal  Handling/ transition losses  Delayed delivery leading to additional losses 24

 After sustained persuasion by IWAI, NTPC gave commitment for transportation of 3 MMTPA imported coal by IWT for these plants for 7 years  IWAI & NTPC developed a project with entire funding by private sector  Project comprises of: Transhipment equipment at sea; about 40 barges; a terminal at Farakka; and coal conveyors from terminal to coal stack yard at Farakka  Approximate cost: Rs 650 crore  By open tendering Jindal ITF identified as L1 bidder  Tripartite agreement signed among IWAI, NTPC & Jindal ITF on  Supply of coal to start in December, 2012  This could be a path breaking project for IWT in India 25

Support provided by IWAI/NTPC Guaranteed cargo by NTPC- 3 MMTPA for 7 years Assurance from IWAI to provide LAD OF 2.5 Mts. between Haldia- Farakka for at least 330 days in a year –Suitable for 1500 T – 2000 T barges Vertical clearance of 10 Mts. Assured night navigation facility Connectivity through DGPS stations Facilitation of transfer of land at Farakka for terminal 26

Current Status of Coal Transportation Project M/s JITF finalized the contract for transshiper in March, Trial run of barges undertaken successfully. Orders place for barges at different shipyards. Work for construction of Jetty at Farakka commenced. Movement to start by December, 2012.

JITF PROPOSED SOLUTION Transshipper at high sea Destination Barges on NW-1 : Jetty with grab unloaders at destination 28

Logistics Solution for Coal Transportation on Haldia - Farakka stretch NTPC Plant, Farakka Conveyer Belt

Vessel types Tug and Dumb Barge Estuarine Ship Pushboat and Dumb Barges River Barge 30

Conclusion IWAI is geared to provide assured navigation channel with night navigation aids in three operational NWs With TPS already in the vicinity of NW-1 and 10 more coming up; it will be unfortunate if we still do not use IWT for coal transportation thereon Railways can simply not meet this demand- if waterways are not used, power generation will suffer- there is no other way Haldia- Farakka coal transportation project can therefore be a trailblazer Key to this project was long term cargo assurance by NTPC Success of this project is being keenly awaited With long term cargo commitment from shippers; and assured waterway from IWAI; private sector will come forward to invest in vessels and even infrastructure on case to case basis 31

Thank you 32