Simulation  Group A Great Britain: bike was stolen, team up with C and E; get supplies from C and D and attack B  Group B Egypt: stole Group A; tried to have an alliance group D  Group C USSR: didn’t like D; didn’t like B b/c they stole so we allied with A and E  Group D USA: lots of supplies; C was enemy; did nothing,  Group E Israel: bullied by everyone; joined forces with A and C  Group A Great Britain: bike was stolen, team up with C and E; get supplies from C and D and attack B  Group B Egypt: stole Group A; tried to have an alliance group D  Group C USSR: didn’t like D; didn’t like B b/c they stole so we allied with A and E  Group D USA: lots of supplies; C was enemy; did nothing,  Group E Israel: bullied by everyone; joined forces with A and C

Suez Canal Crisis 1.Essential Question and Thesis 2.Background of Egypt 3.Nasser as a Leader 4.POV on Suez Canal Crisis 5.The Crisis 6.Exit Slip 1.Essential Question and Thesis 2.Background of Egypt 3.Nasser as a Leader 4.POV on Suez Canal Crisis 5.The Crisis 6.Exit Slip

EQ: What were the causes and effects of the Suez Canal Crisis? Thesis: The Suez Canal crisis was a seminal moment in history when the European Empires ended and the two new global super powers emerged in international relations and brokers of power in the Middle East due to decolonization and the Cold War.

What was Egypt’s History pre Nasser 1952?  Ancient Egypt of Pharaohs  Alex the Great and the Roman Empire  Ottoman Empire  Occupation by Great Britain  Independence under King Farouq (36-52)  Army Officers’ Coup Revolutionary Command Council under Nasser  Ancient Egypt of Pharaohs  Alex the Great and the Roman Empire  Ottoman Empire  Occupation by Great Britain  Independence under King Farouq (36-52)  Army Officers’ Coup Revolutionary Command Council under Nasser

Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser  Foreign Policies –Pan Arab Empire from Atlantic to Persian Gulf under his leadership –Assist independence campaigns –Assist Palestinian Cause  Domestic Policies –Economic Development –Military Rearmament  Foreign Policies –Pan Arab Empire from Atlantic to Persian Gulf under his leadership –Assist independence campaigns –Assist Palestinian Cause  Domestic Policies –Economic Development –Military Rearmament

Quick Suez Facts  Suez Canal opened to traffic in November 1869  It was built by Frenchman Ferdinand de Lesseps using Egyptian forced labour; an estimated 120,000 workers died during construction  It stretches 192km (120 miles) between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea  It is 300m (984ft) wide at its narrowest point  By 1955 approximately two-thirds of Europe's oil passed through the canal  The waterway closed 1967 due to the Six Day War, reopened 1975  About 7.5% of world sea trade is carried via the canal today  Receipts from the canal July 2005 to May 2006 totaled $3,246m  In 2005, 18,193 vessels passed through the canal  Suez Canal opened to traffic in November 1869  It was built by Frenchman Ferdinand de Lesseps using Egyptian forced labour; an estimated 120,000 workers died during construction  It stretches 192km (120 miles) between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea  It is 300m (984ft) wide at its narrowest point  By 1955 approximately two-thirds of Europe's oil passed through the canal  The waterway closed 1967 due to the Six Day War, reopened 1975  About 7.5% of world sea trade is carried via the canal today  Receipts from the canal July 2005 to May 2006 totaled $3,246m  In 2005, 18,193 vessels passed through the canal

Suez Canal

Egyptian Response 50 Yrs Later  "It represents a very important idea which is that the Egyptians were not thought able to run this international waterway and we proved the contrary.”- Former Head of the Suez Canal Authority Ezzat Adel

Suez Canal Crisis POV  Egypt –Nasser asserts independence from Britain –Arab Self Determination and Unity (Pan Arabism) –Funds insurgents in other countries –Advance the army and economy of industry from WWII –No Israeli ships allowed  Egypt –Nasser asserts independence from Britain –Arab Self Determination and Unity (Pan Arabism) –Funds insurgents in other countries –Advance the army and economy of industry from WWII –No Israeli ships allowed  Israel –Civil War and Independence in 1949 –Surrounded by enemies –Supported by the USA –Advanced military –Protect themselves from future Holocausts –Punish Egypt for giving Palestinian Guerrillas a base  Israel –Civil War and Independence in 1949 –Surrounded by enemies –Supported by the USA –Advanced military –Protect themselves from future Holocausts –Punish Egypt for giving Palestinian Guerrillas a base

Suez Canal Crisis POV  USA  Influence in Middle East –Contain Communism –Promote Capitalism and democracy  Protect Natural Resources –Oil –Shipping lines  70 million in aid to build Aswan dam on the Nile –Up 1/3 cultivatable land –Up 1/2 Egypt's electric power  Flex Super Power  USA  Influence in Middle East –Contain Communism –Promote Capitalism and democracy  Protect Natural Resources –Oil –Shipping lines  70 million in aid to build Aswan dam on the Nile –Up 1/3 cultivatable land –Up 1/2 Egypt's electric power  Flex Super Power  USSR  Influence in Middle East –Promote Communism –Prevent Capitalism  Assist Post Colonial States  1955 pledge to supply military arms in return for cotton and rice  Flex Super Power  USSR  Influence in Middle East –Promote Communism –Prevent Capitalism  Assist Post Colonial States  1955 pledge to supply military arms in return for cotton and rice  Flex Super Power

Suez Canal Crisis POV  France –Protect its North African Empire  Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia –Re-establish dominance in International Relations –Punish Nasser for support of Algerian insurgency  France –Protect its North African Empire  Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia –Re-establish dominance in International Relations –Punish Nasser for support of Algerian insurgency  Great Britain –Keep control of Suez Canal (74 years) or have Multinational control over the canal –Prime Minister Anthony Eden views Nasser as Hitler of the Middle East –Overthrow Nasser –Maintain the Baghdad Pact  Great Britain –Keep control of Suez Canal (74 years) or have Multinational control over the canal –Prime Minister Anthony Eden views Nasser as Hitler of the Middle East –Overthrow Nasser –Maintain the Baghdad Pact

Suez Canal Crisis

What Happened?  1954 Nasser gets Britain to promise to leave the Suez and its military base and evacuate the canal in 20 months  Nasser promises freedom of navigation and permit reentry of British forces if there is an armed attack against Arab states or Turkey  June 13, 1956 GB leaves the Suez  July 20, 1956 USA takes back 70 million for Answan Dam, World Bank takes back 200 million in promised aid, and GB takes back arms sales  July 26, 1956 Nasser NATIONALIZES the Suez Canal Company  1954 Nasser gets Britain to promise to leave the Suez and its military base and evacuate the canal in 20 months  Nasser promises freedom of navigation and permit reentry of British forces if there is an armed attack against Arab states or Turkey  June 13, 1956 GB leaves the Suez  July 20, 1956 USA takes back 70 million for Answan Dam, World Bank takes back 200 million in promised aid, and GB takes back arms sales  July 26, 1956 Nasser NATIONALIZES the Suez Canal Company

Response  Great Britain, France, and Israel plan to militarily take back the Suez and overthrow Nasser without telling the USA  October 29, 1956 they attack and quickly defeat Egyptian forces  USSR threatens Nuclear War  USA pressures Great Britain, France, and Israel to withdraw fully and leave the Suez Canal to Egypt  Great Britain, France, and Israel plan to militarily take back the Suez and overthrow Nasser without telling the USA  October 29, 1956 they attack and quickly defeat Egyptian forces  USSR threatens Nuclear War  USA pressures Great Britain, France, and Israel to withdraw fully and leave the Suez Canal to Egypt

Effects of the Suez Crisis  What were the effects on NATO?  What were the effects on USA relations with France, Israel and GB?  What were the effects on the USSR?  What were the effects for Nasser in Egypt and in the Arab world? WWhat were the effects on NATO? WWhat were the effects on USA relations with France, Israel and GB? WWhat were the effects on the USSR? WWhat were the effects for Nasser in Egypt and in the Arab world?

Exit Slip P.7  1. What were two of the causes of the Suez Canal Crisis?  2. What were two effects of the Suez Canal Crisis?  EC: What was the name of the Dam project?  1. What were two of the causes of the Suez Canal Crisis?  2. What were two effects of the Suez Canal Crisis?  EC: What was the name of the Dam project?

Exit Slip P. 8  1. What were two of the causes of the Suez Canal Crisis?  2. What were two effects of the Suez Canal Crisis?  EC: What was the full name of Nasser?  1. What were two of the causes of the Suez Canal Crisis?  2. What were two effects of the Suez Canal Crisis?  EC: What was the full name of Nasser?

Multimedia Links  Audio Slideshow British Marine Audio Slideshow British Marine  Sequence Map Sequence Map  Nasser's Speech Nasser's Speech  Audio Slideshow British Marine Audio Slideshow British Marine  Sequence Map Sequence Map  Nasser's Speech Nasser's Speech