The Civilian Response Corps USPHS Scientific and Training Symposium San Diego, CA - May 2010

The National Security Challenge According to Foreign Policy’s 2009 Index, there are 38 failed or failing states. Adequately addressing the risks emanating from weak and failing states and ungoverned spaces is crucial to protecting U.S. national security interests. AMBASSADOR S/CRS Mission: We support conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and stabilization engagements to protect the U.S. from security threats emanating from ungoverned spaces and countries in conflict. The Problem: The U.S. and the world face a long-term security problem: weak and failed states spawn security threats such as terrorism and WMD, trafficking of people, drugs and arms, refugee flows, and piracy which can harm us from afar. This problem will persist for decades and we must have a capacity now to address it. Through an institutionalized and whole-of-government approach, the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction & Stabilization (S/CRS) was established in 2004 to build a capability that can address a wide spectrum of these emerging threats. S/CRS works to prevent budding conflicts and respond to countries and regions at risk of, in, and/or emerging from instability. 2

Smart Power in Action S/CRS Engagements in 2009 Accomplishments: In just one year – 17 countries, 4 continents 281 persons deployed, 28 deployment countries since the creation of S/CRS Afghanistan: Civ-mil planning, Elections team, Strategic Communications team DRC: presentation of assessment to the president Liberia: presentation of assessment to the president Sudan: presentation of senior leadership in Khartoum 1207-funded Conflict Prevention Projects Reduce burden on the military, reduce need to deploy troops International engagement advances President’s multilateral agenda Key takeway: CRC is a bargain. Scalable force that can be big when we need it for an Afghanistan-type operation, or small when there is no major need. Medium term plans for only 264 active responders. They will be fully employed, when no major operation, on conflict prevention. S/CRS and CRC build expertise and experts that capture lessons learned and provide continuity from one operation to another – both within the USG and internationally. 17 Post-Conflict Operations Since the Cold War Smart Power in Action 17 Countries on 4 Continents

Conflict Transformation Strong Drivers of Conflict Goal Local Institutional Capacity Weak Lead passed to local actors Large Scale Intervention

Capacity Building Our Resources Tools Funding Experts Partners Our capacity encompasses conflict prevention, stability operations and post conflict peacebuilding. In all these circumstances, our objective is to build local capacity for self governance. We will do this by: Identifying R&S needs on the ground in recipient nations and put USG resources against those needs. systematizing the USG’s conflict prevention and conflict response to replace the current ad hoc method of responding to crises. Coordinate internationally to ensure unity of effort by all concerned parties. We are able to do this because: CRC planners are able to deploy to the field to assess governance problems and sectoral experts can deploy to address them. We can reach back into all USG agencies to ensure the resources and expertise to address problems that arise. We have close contacts with international parties engaged in peacekeeping. With partners: There are more failed states than global capacity to address them. 14 countries and 5 multilateral organizations have peacebuilding capacity and conduct operations. Through an informal network known as the ISPI, S/CRS and its partners work together to leverage resources, increase civilian capacity and improve peacebuilding outcomes

Building a State-of-the-Art Conflict Capability S/CRS is building and deploying a state of the art conflict capability and a systemized approach to crisis prevention and response Tools Funding Teams Partners Prevention Package Liberia Ecuador Yemen CIARA Our capacity encompasses conflict prevention, stability operations and post conflict peacebuilding. In all these circumstances, our objective is to build local capacity for self governance. We will do this by: Identifying R&S needs on the ground in recipient nations and put USG resources against those needs. systematizing the USG’s conflict prevention and conflict response to replace the current ad hoc method of responding to crises. Coordinate internationally to ensure unity of effort by all concerned parties. We are able to do this because: CRC planners are able to deploy to the field to assess governance problems and sectoral experts can deploy to address them. We can reach back into all USG agencies to ensure the resources and expertise to address problems that arise. We have close contacts with international parties engaged in peacekeeping. With partners: There are more failed states than global capacity to address them. 14 countries and 5 multilateral organizations have peacebuilding capacity and conduct operations. Through an informal network known as the ISPI, S/CRS and its partners work together to leverage resources, increase civilian capacity and improve peacebuilding outcomes Response Package Sudan Afghanistan DRC One Comprehensive Capability

Conflict Prevention and Response ICAF Whole of Government Planning 1207 Funding Yemen - Drivers of conflict Bangladesh - WoG planning that led to MSP prize Sri Lanka

Civilian Response Corps Innovative Expeditionary Whole-of-Government Essential Characteristics Whole-of-Government We draw from a wide range of U.S. government resources to establish the best team for each mission. Expeditionary Our members are specially selected, trained, and equipped to deploy and operate in hazardous and austere environments with little or no notice. Innovative We leverage specific skill sets, expertise, and robust experience working effectively with military and international actors. Preventive Systematizing conflict prevention - changing the mindsets of decision makers. Explain how these characteristics make the Corps unique and a new tool for the State Department. Preventive

Whole-of-Government -Concept of WoG is key to QDDR -Departments of Energy and Transportation interest in joining -Secretary of State lead – has tools in State and AID Has demonstrated value: Treasury in Sudan Justice in DRC

Developing Global R&S Partners S/CRS works constantly with over 18 international partners and emerging counterparts to enhance interoperability and ensure cooperative mission success. Ensuring that the U.S. and key partners are able to operate together on the ground S/CRS works closely with UK and Canada to ensure civilian interoperability Corps member serves as Kandahar PRT U.S. Chief of Staff integrating U.S. and Canadian civilian efforts Ensuring that the U.S. and key partners can plan, assess, and train together S/CRS and UK’s Stabilization Unit completed the Malakand Plan in Pakistan in 2009 Corps members attend UK and Canadian training and vice versa US and Australia will sign an MOU to promote joint field operations and collaborative training and planning Increasing U.S. government secondments into critical UN and multilateral missions Corps member serving as the first USG Security Sector expert in MONUC Potential Corps embeds into UNAMID and AEC peacekeeping operations in Sudan Growing new partners every day S/CRS leads the U.S. in the International Stabilization and Peacebuilding Initiative – an informal network of governments and international organizations committed to building new capacity for joint civilian missions MICHAEL Examples: SU – Pakistan UN – ANDS/Afghanistan; DRC/MONUC (Bob Brennan) Haiti – START

Full Spectrum Skill Sets Standing civilian capacity that is trained, ready, and quickly deployable with the common operating picture and equipment necessary for a sustained presence in austere environments Federal U.S. government civilian agency employees who have regular ongoing job responsibilities, but are trained and available to deploy when needed. Today 105 Full-Time Members 887 Stand-by Members CARL Emphasize the availability and sustainability of Corps members. -The Corps is scalable to fit the needs of the situation – can be an individual or a team of people deployed to a certain country 112 Full-Time Members Dec ‘10 264 Full-Time Members 1000 Stand-by Members Goal Hire 264 Identify 2000 Current Deployable Force of 200+ 11

Innovative Economic Recovery: Diplomatic Security: agriculture, rural development, commerce, taxes, monetary policy, and business/financial services Diplomatic Security: support to U.S. Embassies in assessing and planning for security/force protection requirements in support of broader contingency and field operations Strategic Planning, Management and Operations: Assessment, planning, base set-up, operations management, and strategic communications Essential Services: public health, public infrastructure, and education and labor assessment JOHN Three key conflict needs: Crisis generalists (Planners, Operators and Managers) Rule of Law Dip Security These make up 75% of our specialists These numbers are constantly changing and being reviewed Key gaps: Security sector reform Planners Transitional justice/economics/security/governance Diplomacy/Governance: political reporting, civil administration, democracy and good governance, civil society/ media development, and security sector reform Rule of Law: policing, legal administration, justice systems, and corrections programs design and management

Innovative Economic Recovery: Diplomatic Security: agriculture, rural development, commerce, taxes, monetary policy, and business/financial services Diplomatic Security: support to U.S. Embassies in assessing and planning for security/force protection requirements in support of broader contingency and field operations Strategic Planning, Management and Operations: Assessment, planning, base set-up, operations management, and strategic communications Essential Services: public health, public infrastructure, and education and labor assessment JOHN Three key conflict needs: Crisis generalists (Planners, Operators and Managers) Rule of Law Dip Security These make up 75% of our specialists These numbers are constantly changing and being reviewed Key gaps: Security sector reform Planners Transitional justice/economics/security/governance Diplomacy/Governance: political reporting, civil administration, democracy and good governance, civil society/ media development, and security sector reform Rule of Law: policing, legal administration, justice systems, and corrections programs design and management 13

Training for R&S Success S/CRS prepares Civilian Response Corps members for deployment months before their departure -- from a rigorous training program, developed with USAID and DOD, all the way through to vaccination and visa processing right before their flight. As first responders, Active Corps members are always either preparing for deployment, deployed, or returning from deployment and incorporating their lessons learned into their continued training. Training Requirements: Civilian Response Corps-Active members are required to take a minimum of 8 weeks of training a year. Civilian Response Corps-Standby members must take a minimum of two weeks a year. JOHN S/CRS has developed a unique curriculum of training courses to ensure members can effectively operate with their military counterparts and in crisis and conflict environments. Current Readiness Status of the Corps Active Component

Readiness Training Pipelines CRC-Active Foundations FSI 2 Weeks Level I Planners NDU 3 Weeks Security for Non-Traditional Operating Environments DS Operational Readiness: able to respond to countries at risk of, in, or emerging from crises. Readiness Training Pipelines Pre-deployment Briefing and Country Specific Briefing CDC Operational Readiness These rigorous courses are specifically developed by S/CRS to best and adequately prepare deploying members to operate effectively operate in austere environments Makes sure members are effective planners and can handle crisis conditions Worked with NDU, DOD, FSI to meticulously create these courses Foundations Introduction to USG whole-of-government R&S operations, lessons learned and best practices SNOE Personal security, safety, and health training for deployments to permissive, semi-permissive, and non-permissive environments Level I Planners Application of whole-of-government conflict assessment and planning Additional Training Annual and specialized Pre-deployment Foundations FSI Pre-deployment and Country Specific Briefing CDC CRC-Standby Operational Readiness 2 Weeks

Creating the Muscle Memory Exercises and experiments provide Corps members with hands-on, practical experience with interagency, military, and multinational partners Exercises with geographic combatant commands integrate civilian planners with military stability operations planning - Austere Challenge (EUCOM), Judicious Response (AFRICOM), Arcade Fusion (NATO), Blue Advance (SOUTHCOM) Interagency civilian exercises prepare Corps members for deployment - Civilian Deployment Center (CDC) tabletop exercises, Department of Commerce TTX Way Forward - Continue civilian-military exercise planning, expanding into new commands - Develop interagency, civilian exercises and experiments - Exercise with international partners

Completed 7 Days from Support Request Civilian Response Corps Deployment Process Deployable personnel paperwork finalized Personnel processed and briefed at Civilian Deployment Center S/CRS support requested Deployment Authorization Memo (DAM) prepared Deployable personnel contacted Deployable personnel identified Lodging and logistics coordinated Discuss how this process also allows for the opportunity for members of a team to gather before being deployed. Give example of how quickly we set up for Haiti…. To support USAID, S/CRS and its interagency partners staffed a forward planning task force and provided liaison officers to other State, USAID and FEMA. The Corps identified 80 Stand-by members with the necessary skill sets and readied a proposed ADVON of 10 within less than 7 days. DAM process initiated, verified and approved Deployed team arrives Completed 7 Days from Support Request

Deployment Readiness Managed by USAID, the Civilian Deployment Center is utilized by civilian agencies across the U.S. government. 48-hour processing timeline Dining facilities Physical fitness equipment Team building facilities Clearances and requirements Security Medical Visa Processes Travel specifications Training Issuing equipment Reintroduce members to the gear

Africa: Past, Current & Potential Activities CHAD: Conflict Assessment Field deployments to eastern Chad Staffing support to Embassy N’djamena Increased deployment capacity 2006: 2 engagements Darfur Chad 2010: 7 engagements Sudan Somalia Uganda DRC Liberia CAR SUDAN: Whole-of-Government Planning Darfur Field Deployments Technical Assistance to Embassy & Consulate Support to S/USSES contingency planning SOMALIA (HORN): 1207 programming (regional) Interagency CRC deployments for Somalia SSR assessment JASON Grown in our capacity since 2006 UGANDA: ICAF 1207 LIBERIA: Support to SSR Activities 1207 programming ICAF DRC: ICAF 1207 assessments and programming Interagency sectoral assessment deployments Sectoral planning effort SSR Liaison to MONUC CAR: Potential planning effort

Democratic Republic of Congo Background November 2008 Scoping Mission to Kinshasa and Goma $11.9 M in 1207 funding in FY08 and FY09; FY10 1207 funding recipient Interagency Conflict Assessment of DRC in 2008 Current Initiative: Follow up to Secretary Clinton’s August 2009 trip to DRC Assemble, Coordinate, Train, Fund and Deploy 5 USG Interagency Assessment Teams: Economic Governance Anticorruption Sexual- and Gender-based Violence Security Sector Reform (SSR) Food Security and Agriculture 33 individuals involved in field assessments; 12 CRC-A; 6 Federal Agencies DS Support, Kinshasa Coordinator and DC-Based Reach-back Team 2-person planning team to support MSRP integration effort MONUC: 1 CRC-A Member embedded with MONUC to Liaise on SSR

Democratic Republic of Congo Background November 2008 Scoping Mission to Kinshasa and Goma $11.9 M in 1207 funding in FY08 and FY09; FY10 1207 funding recipient Interagency Conflict Assessment of DRC in 2008 Current Initiative: Follow up to Secretary Clinton’s August 2009 trip to DRC Assemble, Coordinate, Train, Fund and Deploy 5 USG Interagency Assessment Teams: Economic Governance Anticorruption Sexual- and Gender-based Violence Security Sector Reform (SSR) Food Security and Agriculture 33 individuals involved in field assessments; 12 CRC-A; 6 Federal Agencies DS Support, Kinshasa Coordinator and DC-Based Reach-back Team 2-person planning team to support MSRP integration effort MONUC: 1 CRC-A Member embedded with MONUC to Liaise on SSR

Concluding Remarks