Common Exploits Aaron Cure Cypress Data Defense

SQL Injection

What is it? ◦The inclusion of portions of SQL statements in an entry field in an attempt to get the website to pass a newly formed rogue SQL command to the database (e.g., dump the database contents to the attacker)

SQL Injection Tools How do we attack it? ◦SqlMap   sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine, many niche features for the ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.

SQL Injection Tools ◦BSQL Hacker  hacker/ hacker/  BSQL (Blind SQL) Hacker is an automated SQL Injection Framework / Tool designed to exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities virtually in any database.

SQL Injection Demo sqlmap.py -u sqlmap identified the following injection points with a total of 59 HTTP(s) requests: --- Place: GETParameter: id Type: boolean-based blind Title: AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=3 AND 1640=1640 Type: error-based Title: MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=3 AND (SELECT 1157 FROM(SELECT COUNT(*),CONCAT(0x3a796c6a3a,(SELECT (CASE WHEN (1157=1157) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)),0x3a7a76743a,FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_SETS GROUP BY x)a) Type: UNION query Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns Payload: id=3 UNION ALL SELECT NULL,CONCAT(0x3a796c6a3a,0x6f6a6c61786d494f6a74,0x3a7a76743a),NULL– -- -web server operating system: Windows 2012 web application technology: ASP.NET , ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 8.0 back-end DBMS: MySQL 5.0

SQL Injection Mitigation How do we prevent it? ◦Don’t concatenate untrusted data ◦Use parameterized queries ◦Use a framework  nHibernate  Entity Framework  Etc.

Session hiJACKING

Session Hijacking What is it? ◦Occurs when authentication tokens are stolen from an authenticated user. This vulnerability commonly occurs when session tokens are sent in cleartext between a web server and a client’s browser. Other examples include tokens being stolen via cross-site scripting and man-in-the- middle attacks. Allows an attacker to assume the identity of another user gain unauthorized access to applications and functionality.

Session Hijacking Tools How do we attack it? ◦Firesheep  Intercepts browser cookies used by many sites, including Facebook and Twitter, to identify users and allows anyone running the program to log in as the legitimate user and do anything that user can do on a particular website. ◦Cross Site Scripting (XSS) ◦Hamster/Ferret ◦Man in the Middle (MITM)

Session Hijacking Demo HTTP Header Injection of hijacked cookie ◦Grab the existing cookie value (XSS, MITM, etc) ◦Create a new request, adding the captured value in the header.

Session Hijacking Mitigation How do we prevent it? ◦Use SSL ◦Set HTTPOnly and Secure on all cookies ◦No http links (secure only) ◦Set the HTTP Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) header

Cross Site request forgery (CSRF)

Cross Site Request Forgery What is it? ◦While a user is authenticated into the target website (i.e. a banking website), the user visits another website (injection website) that is under the control of an attacker or a site (including the target site) that contains a vulnerability that the attacker can exploit.

CSRF Tools How can we attack it? ◦Pinata.py   Assists with the explanation of Cross Site Request Forgery and how a vulnerable application can be exploited. ◦CSRF Tool 

CSRF Demo HQM_h64 HQM_h64

CSRF Mitigation How can we prevent it? ◦Use a random token on every post. ◦Server-side must check it before processing the request. ◦If any POST endpoint lacks it — something is clearly wrong

Session Fixation

Permits an attacker to hijack a valid user session. When authenticating a user, the web application doesn’t assign a new session ID, making it possible to use an existing session ID.

Session Fixation Tools How do we attack it? ◦XSS ◦MITM ◦BlackSheep ◦FireSheep

Session Fixation Demo Perform a GET of the site Login Ensure that the Session ID changes

Session Fixation Mitigation How do we prevent it? ◦Clear the session on login/logout ◦Generate a new session ID on login/logout ◦Remove the session cookie on logout ◦Log the user out

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

What is it? ◦Cross-Site Scripting attacks occur when malicious scripts are injected into the otherwise benign and trusted web sites. An attacker uses a web application to send malicious code, generally in the form of a browser side script, to a different end user.

XSS Tools How can we attack it? ◦XSSer   Cross Site "Scripter" (aka XSSer) is an automatic -framework- to detect, exploit and report XSS vulnerabilities in web-based applications. ◦XSS Me (ff) ◦XSS-Proxy   XSS-Proxy is an advanced Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) attack tool. The documents, tools and other content on this site assume you have a basic understanding of XSS issues and existing exploitation methods. If you are not famliar with XSS, then I recommend you check out the primer links/docs below to get a better of idea of what XSS is and how to detect it, fix it, and exploit it.

XSS Demo javascript:alert(pass.value)

XSS Mitigation How do we prevent it? ◦Validate the user input ◦Remove or encode special characters ◦Encode it before it is displayed ◦Use an Anti-XSS library

Questions?