Biometrics Overview

Biometrics Identification or verification of an individual based on a physical characteristic or trait.

Biometric Modes Biological Characteristics  Fingerprint  Facial Recognition  Hand Geometry  Eye (Iris & Retina)  Vein Pattern Behavioral Traits  Signature  Voice  Keystroke Dynamics

Why use Biometrics? Biometrics has No Risk of:  Forgetting it  Losing it  Getting it stolen  Getting it copied  Loaning it out  Being used by anyone else

Biometric Uses  Financial Institutes ATM, Validation of credit and debit cards  Law Enforcement Automated Fingerprint Identification System Surveillance  Physical Access Control Buildings, Airports, Hospitals, Schools  IT Security Network-systems of organizations – Internet/Intranet  E-Commerce market : User Authentication  Consumer Market PC Applications(Mouse, Keyboard, Laptop, etc.) Time and Attendance Monitoring Home Appliances (Door locks, Safes, etc.)

Biometric Marketplace (Per International Biometric Group’s Biometric Market Report )

Market Drivers  Real need for increased security  Traditional methods obsolete  Increased identity theft and fraud  Advances in biometric technology  Reliability and functionality  Price factors  Weak capital markets  Competitive environment  Consolidation  Industry standardization  Current Events/Emotion

Fingerprint  Measures ridges and minutiae (end, fusion, bifurcation of fingerprint data)  Used for over 100 years  Highly accurate  Small devices  Latent prints  Environmental conditions

Facial Recognition  Measures the contours and distances of the Eyes, Nose and Chin.  May also use Thermograph matching  Easy to use/Non-cooperative  Influenced by lighting and facial angles  Susceptible to spoofing with glasses, wigs, beards

Hand Geometry  Measures finger length and knuckle thickness  Intuitive Operation  Uses few minutiae points  Large Devices limit the installation possibilities.

Eye Recognition  Iris:  Measures the shape & color of the Iris  Minutiae rich  Inconvenient  Expensive  Retina:  Blood Vessel Pattern  Highly Accurate  Low public acceptance (Intrusive)

Vein Recognition  Uses an infrared camera to measure the veins on the wrist and back of the hand.  Currently impossible to copy  Large Equipment  Expensive  Uses few minutiae points

Signature Recognition  Measures the pressure and speed of stroke dynamics  Inexpensive  Intuitive Operation  Signatures may change over time  Participation must be voluntary  Low Accuracy

Voice Recognition  Measures the vibration of phoneme, syllable, words  Easy to use  Remote applications  Easy to impersonate  Influenced by health conditions  Sensitive to noise

Mode Comparison

(Does Not Include AFIS Revenues) (Per International Biometric Group’s Biometric Market Report ) 2001 Market Shares

Biometric System  Enrollment  Identity Verification  Template Management  Distributed  Centralized  Live Scan Processing  Identity Authentication  Transaction Processing  Apply Policy

Biometric Verification Identity Claim Biometric Capture Feature Extraction 1-to-1 Comparison

Biometric Identification Biometric Capture Feature Extraction 1-to-n Comparison

Matching  Evaluation  Reject / Accept Threshold  Error Ratio  FRR (False Rejection Ratio)  FAR (False Acceptance Ratio)  ERR (Equal Error Ratio)

Implementation  Interoperability  BioAPI  ANSI Fast track  CBEFF  Common Biometric Exchange File Format  Used in BioAPI  Multimode integration

Template Management  Centralized  Template security  Administration  Communications Infrastructure  Distributed  Smartcards  2-D Barcodes  Memory buttons  Counterfeiting

Enterprise Management CBEFF DB Trusted Applications Authentication Servers Distributed

Modular Applications INTERNETINTRANETBizAppsOthers WBE Component Biometric API FPBSPFacialBSPIrisBSPVoiceBSPHandBSPOtherBSP AUTHServerOTTServerDBServerFPMatchingFacialMatchingIrisMatching VoiceMatchingHandMatchingLicenseServerTemplateMgmtPWDMatchingOthers BiometricMatchingServersBiometricMatchingServers Configuration Management ClientSide ServerSide

Fingerprint in Access Control  Lowest implementation cost  Widest availability  Matching technology  Correlation  Minutiae matching  Scanner technology  Optical  Solid-state/Capacitive  Ultrasonic

Access Control Applications System Controller DIU LSU Template Database

Integration Interfaces  Legacy Systems  Weigand  Only “industry standard”  Clock and Data  Proprietary  Vendor products  RS485  TCP/IP

Hydra Implementation

Graterford Prison  Barcode badge provides Guard PIN.  Hydra performs fingerprint verification.  Photo of verified guard displayed on touchscreen.  Operator must visually confirm by touching photo on screen.

BioACE Architecture Athena NCU WAN NCU Modems MicroNCU POT S ARGO IBASDesktop

DISCUSSION