Injuries to the Upper Extremities Chapter 16 Injuries to the Upper Extremities

Upper Extremity Injuries Upper extremities are vulnerable to a variety of injuries depending on the sport, including: Sprains Strains Dislocations Fractures

Upper Extremity Injuries Upper extremities are vulnerable to a variety of injuries depending on the sport, including: Separations to the thoracic cage, shoulder, arm, and hand Repetitive motion injuries such as arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis

Shoulder Complex Physiology Bones Muscles Ligaments Tendons Articulations

Assessing Shoulder Injuries ROM test for external rotation of the shoulder ROM test for internal rotation of the shoulder

Assessing Shoulder Injuries Specific ROM tests for the shoulder including abduction, flexion, extension, horizontal adduction External muscle tests for the shoulder

Assessing Shoulder Injuries Internal rotation strength test for the shoulder Extension strength test for the shoulder Flexion strength test for the shoulder Abduction and adduction strength tests for the shoulder Empty can test

Types of Shoulder Injuries Fractures Perform percussion test, compression test Dislocations and subluxations Contusions

Types of Shoulder Injuries Sprains Sulcus test, apprehension test for sprain of the anterior capsule Acromioclavicular (AC) sprain test Sternoclavicular (SC) sprain test

Types of Shoulder Injuries Strains Drop arm test Impingement Hawkins-Kennedy test, winged scapula test

Types of Shoulder Injuries Tendonitis Speed’s test Synovitis and bursitis

Assessing Elbow and Forearm Injuries Methods to assess elbow and forearm injuries include: ROM test for elbow flexion ROM test for elbow extension ROM test for elbow supination ROM test for elbow pronation

Manual Muscle Tests for the Elbow Flexion strength test Extension strength test Supination strength test Pronation strength test

Injuries to the Elbow and Arm Fractures Dislocations and subluxations Contusions Sprains Valgus stress test for the elbow Varus stress test for the elbow

Injuries to the Elbow and Arm Impingement Tinel’s sign Synovitis and bursitis Biceps brachii rupture Epicondylitis Volkmann’s contracture

Physiology of the Wrist and Hand Made up of eight bones Carpals, arranged in two transverse rows Five metacarpals and digits make up the hand

Assessing Wrist and Hand Injuries ROM test for wrist flexion ROM test for wrist extension ROM test for finger flexion

Assessing Wrist and Hand Injuries ROM test for finger extension manual muscle tests: Extension strength test Flexion strength test for the wrist Radial deviation strength test for the wrist Ulnar deviation strength test for the wrist Extension strength test for the fingers

Assessing Wrist and Hand Injuries ROM test for finger extension manual muscle tests: Flexion strength test for the fingers Abduction strength test for the fingers Adduction strength test for the fingers

Injuries to the Wrist and Hand Fractures Dislocations and subluxations Contusions Sprains Gamekeeper’s thumb test Impingement

Injuries to the Wrist and Hand Tendonitis Ganglion cyst of the wrist Mallet finger Buttonhold deformity