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Nonpractice disciplines do not utilize theory in development of their focus. Nursing is not considered a practice discipline, and therefore does not utilize research. Nursing uses theory and research to help understand its focus. Nonpractice disciplines have a central focus of performance of a professional role.

Grand theories Conceptual model Paradigm Metaparadigm

Environmental Theory Unitary Human Beings Goal Attainment Theory Interpersonal Relations Model

"I will not allow my mastectomy to stop me from living life fully." "When my spouse died in the car accident, I thought I would go crazy." "I am slowly adjusting to the loss of my leg." "Sometimes I prefer to just be alone in my room and meditate."

A desire to be everything to everyone Sleep deprivation An incisional infection Recent loss of job

To help establish criteria to measure the quality of nursing care To help build a common nursing terminology To promote enhanced salaries and benefits for nurses To offer a framework for generating knowledge and new ideas

Purposeful transactions Determining how the client adapts to stress Interactions with the environment Listing self-care deficits

The nurse should teach it to the client's family members. It is universal and the same in all cultures. It varies among cultures and is largely culturally derived. It is absent in some cultures.

There are ten carative factors related to human care. There are five environmental factors related to client care. There are ten adaptive mechanisms commonly used by clients. There should be guidelines for including the family in client care.

Concept Conceptual Model Theory Paradigm

Therapeutic self-care demand Self-care requisites Self-care agency Self-Care deficits

Orem Rogers Roy Parse

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