/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. BLR’s Safety Training Presentations Walking and Working Surfaces 29 CFR

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Top OSHA Violation 1,465 citations $1,702,391 in penalties Open-sided floor or platform Install standard guardrails

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Floor openings and holes Stairs, ladders, slip and trip hazards Quiz

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Open-Sided Floors And Platforms 4 feet above ground must be guarded Standard railing required Protect workers below Protect machinery below

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Examples of Open-Sided Hazards Open pits, sumps, or ditches Open chemical tanks Vats of molten metals Aboveground work platforms

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Floor Holes and Openings Opening—measures 1 to 12 inches Hole—greater than 12 inches Floor, platform, pavement, yard Guard with standard railing Cover the hole or opening Attend the hole or to protect with toeboard

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Stairway and Ladder Floor Opening Guard by railing on exposed sides Entrance may be open Recommend a swing gate Cover the opening

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Hatchway and Chute Floor Openings Hinged cover Removable railing Fenced off area under the opening Dropping materials—audible alarm Skylights—screen or railing

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Wall Openings 30 inches high and 18 inches wide A person could fall through Drop of more than 4 feet Guard with rail, roller, fence, door Install toeboard to protect against falling hazards

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Guardrails Top rail—42 inches Mid rail—21 inches Toeboard— 4 inches high Withstand considerable force

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Aisles and Passageways Clearance for material handling equipment Marked permanent aisles Heavy-traffic passage- ways equipped with walkways

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Floor Load Rating Post load ratings Mark plates covering floor openings Mark aboveground walkways Never exceed load rating limit

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Floor openings and holes Stairs, ladders, slip and trip hazards Quiz

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Fixed Industrial Stairs Slip-resistant treads Carry at least 1,000 lb Not damaged or bent Four steps—handrails

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Stair Safety Use handrails Walk—don’t run Inspect for slippery surfaces or damaged steps Do not put objects on steps

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Fixed Ladders Permanently attached Cages needed if longer than 20 feet Maximum unbroken length of 30 feet Ladder safety devices

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Setting Up the Ladder Put it on a level surface Angle the ladder properly Secure the bottom Extend 3 feet above the upper landing Anchor the ladder at the top

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Climbing the Ladder Face the ladder Climb with both hands Use a tool belt or bucket hanger Keep your weight centered Don’t stand on the top two rungs or steps of a stepladder

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Ladder Inspection Rungs are in good condition and clean Ladder locks function correctly Ladder is nonconductive Ladder’s feet are antislip

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Safe Walking And Working Surfaces Workroom floors clean and dry Workplace clean and orderly Frequently cited violations 15% workplace deaths, 16% disabling injuries

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Eliminate Trip Hazards Pick up tools, materials, and trash Walk around obstructions Report dangerous walking and working surfaces Keep file drawers closed Watch placement of power cords

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Eliminate Slip Hazards Clean up liquids Sweep up debris and dust Stop and repair leaks Install absorbent around wet processes Use warning signs or cones

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Slip-Resistant Shoes Street shoes not intended for slip resistance Soft rubber sole for slip resistance Sole tread with channels Still need to walk carefully

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Awareness of Walking Surface Hazards Be aware of the hazards Pay attention to where you are going Adjust your stride according to the walking surface Make wide turns at corners Don’t block your vision when carrying items

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Goals Floor openings and holes Stairs, ladders, slip and trip hazards Quiz

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Summary Check for unguarded openings Keep walkways free of hazards Use stairs and ladders safely Prevent slip and trip hazards

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz 1.At what height above a lower level must an open- sided floor be guarded? 2.Name two of the three ways to keep someone from falling into a floor opening. 3.What does OSHA consider to be an unsafe wall opening? 4.How can you protect workers when dropping objects from an upper level? 5.What is the height of a standard guardrail?

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz (cont.) 6.What number of steps triggers the need for handrails on stairs? 7.Fixed ladders require cages when they are how many feet high? 8.In order to prevent slips and trips, OSHA requires work surfaces to be and. 9.What is the best way to prevent tripping accidents? 10.What is the best way to prevent slip-related injuries?

/0403 Copyright © 2004 Business & Legal Reports, Inc. Quiz Answers 1.4 feet 2.Railing, cover, attendant 3.30 inches high and 18 inches wide 4.Fence off the area, audible alarm, attendant 5.42 inches 6.Four steps 7.20 feet 8.Clean and dry 9.Pick up tools, materials, and trash 10.Clean up liquids