1 GOES-14 Imager and Sounder a preliminary look Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/Satellite Applications and Research Advanced Satellite Products Branch (ASPB) Mathew M. Gunshor, Tony Schreiner, Scott Bachmeier, Joleen Feltz, Steve Wanzong, SSEC Data Center, etc. CIMSS/SSEC, Madison, WI Don Hillger and Tim Schmit co-lead the NOAA Science Test

2 Outline Introduction First imager and sounder images –Issues –Comparisons Improved imager band 6 (13.3 um) spatial resolution Preliminary inter-calibration results Improved INR and Operation thru eclipse Initial products (imager and sounder) Web links

3 GOES-14 GOES-13/14/P have similar instruments to GOES-8- 12, but on a different spacecraft bus. Spring and fall eclipse outages will be avoided by larger onboard batteries. Improved navigation Improved radiometrics GOES-8/12 GOES-13/14/P

4 GOES-O Science Test web page: GOES-14 von Karman vorticies

5 actinoform clouds Amazon suppressing the formation of cumulus vortex in the marine layer clouds, snowsediment plume

6 Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data Important diagnostic work was under- taken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6, the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. The first two official full disk images were ‘too wide’ and hence displayed ‘extra’ header information within the frame of data. Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program Erroneous line headers of the GOES-14 Imager bands 3 and 6 (the 6.5 and 13.3 um) in the first official full disk images. GOES-14 Imager

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8 Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6 (13.3 um), the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. Another issue was the ‘flipped’ order of the band 6 of the GOES-14 imager in the GVAR datastream. This was communicated, corrected and verified. Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program Erroneous detector flip of the GOES-14 Imager band 6 (the 13.3 um) in the first IR images. GOES-12 ImagerGOES-14 Imager (before fix) Note the artificial ‘stair-step’ of cloud edges due to the detectors initially being out of order in GVAR.

9 First GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images On August 17 th and 18 th, the first official Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-14 infrared (IR) images were scanned. Qualitatively, the data from the Imager and Sounder are high quality, with improved signal-to- noise ratios compared to other operating GOES satellites. The NOAA Science test will begin in December of The first GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images look to be of high quality, this is the first step for the subsequent NOAA science test check-out. (Courtesy of T. Schmit) Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program First GOES-14 Imager data on August 17, 2009 First GOES-14 Sounder data on August 18, 2009

10 First GOES-14 Images (sub-sampled) From NOAA ASPB Note the ‘brighter’ GOES-14 visible image

11 GOES-12 (for comparison) Note the sub-satellite points are different From NOAA ASPB

12 GOES-14 Sounder! Note clean signal, especially bands 1, 2, 12 and 15.

13 GOES-12 Sounder Data has been remapped to a common projection.

14 River Fog GOES-12GOES-14 The fog is a bit brighter and a appears more extensive in the GOES-14 image. GOES-14 is able to discern urban centers more readily than GOES-12.

15 Imager SRF

16 Improved spatial resolution of GOES-14 Imager band 6 The improved spatial resolution of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-14 imager band 6 has been verified. This band, centered at 13.3 um, has a number of uses, the main being cloud height determination. Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6, the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. The improved spatial resolution of the GOES-14 imager band 6 (over GOES-12/13 imagers) has been verified with initial on-orbit data. (Courtesy of T. Schmit) Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program The 13.3 um band 6 of the GOES-12 (left panel) has an 8 km IGFOV (Instantaneous Geometric Field of View); while the same band on the GOES-14 (right panel) has a 4 km IGFOV. Note the finer resolution of the cloud edges and the ‘cleaner’ image. GOES-12 GOES-14

Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin - Madison 17 Methodology: GEO – IASI Intercal  Collocation in time and space.  Within 30 minutes at geostationary subpoint (GSNO – Geostationary Simultaneous Nadir Observation)  Low Satellite View Angles (< 14)  Spatial smoothing  100km “running average” mitigates the negative effects of poor spatial and temporal collocation, poor navigation, and spatial resolution differences.  Average radiances, not temperatures.  Compare a common area around the GEO sub-point, not “pixel to pixel” comparisons  “Convolve” high spectral resolution Radiance spectra with GEO Spectral Response Function.  Compare mean scene brightness temperatures (converted from mean scene radiances).

18 Preliminary intercalibration results with GOES-14 Imager using IASI Mean temperature differences with IASI (for 12 cases) are: -0.4 K for the Shortwave Window band (5 night cases) +0.8 K for the Water Vapor band +0.1 K for the IR Window band -0.6 K for the CO 2 Absorption band – The CO 2 band SRF may be updated before the science test takes place. – Some of these results may include cases where navigation was not optimal. – Similar results from Dr. Wu (not shown)

19 Improved INR

20 Great navigation just after yaw-flip

21 Operation through Eclipse

22 GOES Series Sounder Noise Wavelength ChannelGOES-08GOES-09GOES-10GOES-11GOES-12GOES-13GOES-14 SPEC (I-M) Preliminary GOES-14 – the best Sounder yet wrt noise performance! Units: mW/(m 2 ster cm -1 )

23 Visible GOES-12; SNR of 13:1 GOES-14; SNR of 33:1

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29 Cloud-top Pressure (GOES-14 Sounder)

30 Cloud-top Pressure (Sounder)

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32 Cloud-top Pressure (GOES-14 Imager)

33 Cloud-top Pressure (GOES-14 Sounder)

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35 Clear-sky brightness temperatures (Imager)

36 Total Precipitable Water vapor (Sounder)

37 Total Precipitable Water vapor (GOES-14 Sounder)

38 GOES-14 Imager AMV (low-level)

39 GOES-14 Imager AMV (mid and upper-level)

40 SRF There maybe updated imager and sounder GOES-14 spectral response functions (SRF) released.

41 GOES-14 Imager and Sounder